Association Of Biomass Fuel Smoke Exposure And COPD In Women Of Rural India – A Cross Sectional Hospital Based Study
Association of Biomass Fuel Smoke
Keywords:
COPD, Biomass Smoke, Lung health, RuralAbstract
Background and Objectives: Commonly used biomass fuel in developing world is equally harmful for lung health as tobacco smoke and unfortunately it is increasing the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases like COPD specially among women of rural India. Study conducted to find out the prevalence of COPD among biomass users and epidemiological factors associated with excess use of biomass fuel in our country.Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire based epidemiological hospital based study . A study was conducted among hospital visited women>18 years of age belonging to rural areas of Haryana. Questionnaire was filled to get the relevant information and complete clinical examination and pulmonary function test was done to make the diagnosis. Collected data was compiled and analysed by using standard statistical methods as Chi square test, p<.05 consider as significant, RR risk with 95% CI also calculated.Results: 560 subjects were included in the study, out of them 494(88.21%) were biomass users, literacy rate was very poor among biomass users 105(21.26%), than non users .COPD was observed as commonest chronic respiratory problem in biomass users 75.40% than non users , RR was 1.43(95%CI 1.31-1.55) and it was in more severe form in subjects who were exposed for prolonged period of biomass smoke. Conclusion: Study shows that risk of COPD increases by the constant exposure of biomass smoke in under ventilated houses and it was also found that the severity of diseases also increase with duration of exposure.
References
2. Behera D. , Aggarwal G. Domestic Cooking Fuel Exposure and Tuberculosis in Indian Women . Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2010; 52: 139-143.
3. Duque C.T.,Maldonado D.,Padilla PR,Ezzati M.,Viegi G. Biomass fuel and Respiratory Diseases.Proc.Am Thorac.Soc.,2008;5:577-590.
4. Salvi SS.,Barnes PJ.,Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in non smoker.Lancet,2009;374:733-743.
5. Revathi M, T Karthiyanee Kutty , Annamalai N .Pulmonary Function in Rural Women Exposed to Biomass Fuel .J Pulmon Resp Med. 2012; 2:1-4.
6. Luisito F. I., Teresita S. D.G., Norberto A. F, Camilo C. R., Fernando G. A., Cecil Z. T. et al .Burden of obstructive lung disease in a rural setting in the Philippines. Respirology .2011; 16 : 1111–1118 .
7. Priscilla J, Kalpana B, Padmavathi R, Santu G, Muthukumar S, Omprakash A,etal. Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural women of Tamilnadu: implications for refining disease burden assessments attributable to household biomass combustion. Glob Health Action. 2011; 4: 7226.
8 Kiraz K.,Kart L.Demir R.,Oymak S.,Gulmez I,Unalacak M. Ozesmi M. Chronic pulmonary diseases in rural women exposed to biomass fumes. Clin Invest Med . 2003; 5:243-8.
9 June Y T Po, J. Mark FitzGerald, Chris Carlsten. Respiratory diseases association with solid biomass fuel exposure in rural women and children: Systemaic review and meta analysis.Thorax . 2011; 66: 232-239.
10 Gupta A., Shah A. Bronchial anthracofibrosis:an Emerging pulmonarydiseases due to biomass fuel exposure. Int. j.Tubercular Lung Diseases. 2011 ;15 :602-12.
11 Desalu OO, Adekoya AO, Ampitan BA. Increased risk of respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis in women using biomass fuels in Nigeria.J Bras Pneumol. 2010 ; 36 :441-6.
12 Fullerton D.G.,Suseno A., Semple S., Kalambo F., Malamba R., White S.et al. Wood smoke exposure, poverty and impaired lung function in Malawian adults .Int j.Tub.Lung Dis. 2011 ;3: 391-398.
13 Women and Men in India 2012,14th issue, central statistics office, National statistical organization ,Ministry of statistical and programme implementation, Government of India.
14 Jindal S.K. , Aggarwal A.N. , Chaudhry K. , Chhabra S.K. , D’Souza G.A., Gupta D. et al. Tobacco Smoking in India: Prevalence, Quit-rates and Respiratory Morbidity. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2006; 48: 37-42.
15 John R. Balmes. When smoke get in your lung. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2010 ; 1: 98–101.
16 Prasad R, Singh A, Garg R., Giridhar B. H.. Biomass fuel exposure and respiratory diseases in India,BioScience Trends. 2012; 6 :219-228.
17 Robert J.L, Howard M.K.. Respiratory health effect of air pollution: Update on biomass smoke and traffic pollution. J.Allergy Clin Immunology. 2012;129:3-11.
18 Mishra V., Robert D. R., Kirk R. S.. Cooking smoke and tobacco smoke as risk factors for stillbirth . International Journal of Environmental Health Research . 2005; 15 : 397 –410.
19 Behera D., DashS., Yadav S.P. .Carboxyhaemoglobin in women exposed to different cooking fuels.Thorax. 1991;46:344-346.
