Involvement of Autonomic Nervous System in Isometric Handgrip in Healthy Young Subject
Involvement of Autonomic Nervous System in Isometric Handgrip
Keywords:
Autonomic nervous system, Heart rate variability,triangular indexAbstract
Background: HRV can be considered a relatively simple, noninvasive and sensitive method for studying autonomic modulation, purpose of the present study was to determine whether readily measured blood pressure (BP) indices and responses to autonomic reflex tests could be used as surrogates of short-term heart rate variability. Different Methods were used to evaluate sympathetic and Parasympathetic activity. Results: The autonomic function tests and heart rate variables were recorded and data was tabulated for Statistical evaluation. A two tailed P value less than or equal to 0.05 (5%) were considered statistically significant. Heart Rate Variability in Male Mean R-R interval and SDNN of time domain analysis were highly significant on comparing supine to standing (P<0.001),Similarly LF, HF power, Total Power and LFnu of frequency domain analysis were highly significant on comparing supine to standing (P<0.001) and in Females also it is same. Conclusion : Considering the results our data indicate a decrease in HRV that seems to be expressions of a reduction in autonomic modulation in postural change from supine to standing erect both in male and female subjects. The findings suggestive of a shift in cardiac autonomic regulation towards sympathetic activation in response to real life stressors which also includes the decrease in parasympathetic modulation and no significant correlation between readily measured blood pressure indices to heart rate variables in both male and female groups, we suggest that mean heart rate, SBP, DBP and RPP cannot be used as surrogates of HRV. However, observations need to be made in healthy subjects belonging to various age groups and in patients with conditions known to be associated with autonomic deregulation. [
References
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30. Malliani, A., M. Pagani, F. Lombardi, and S. Cerutti. Cardiovascular neural regulation explored in the frequency domain. Circulation 1991: 84: 482–492.
31. Qi Fu1, Kazunobu Okazaki, Shigeki Shibata, Robin P. Shook, Tiffany B. VanGunday, M. Melyn Galbreath, Miriam F. Reelick and Benjamin D. Levine. Menstrual cycle effects on sympathetic neural responses to upright tilt. J Physiol. 2009: 587: (9):2019–2031
32. DeBoer RW, Karemaker JM, Strackee J. Hemodynamic fluctuations and baroreflex sensitivity in humans: a beat-to-beat model. Am J Physiol 1987: 253:H680–9.
33. Raine Virtanen. Association between autonomic regulation and cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged subjects. Publications of the National Public Health Institute, A4/2007, 90 .
34. Madan Mohan, Prakash.E.S, Bhavanani.A.B. Co-Relation between heart rate variability, Blood pressure, Heart rate and pressure reactivity to isometric hand grip in healthy young male subjects.IJPP.2005: 49(2); 132-138
35. Saul JP, Berger RD, Albrecht P, Stein SP, Chen MH, Cohen RJ. Transfer function analysis of the circulation: unique insights into cardiovascular regulation. Am J Physiol. 1991:261:H1231–H1245.
36. Grossman P, Kollai M. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, cardiac vagal tone, and respiration: within- and between-individual relations. Psychophysiol. 1993:30:486–495.
2. Wolf, MM, Varigos, GA, Hunt, D, Sloman, JG, Sinus arrhythmia in acute myocardial infarction, Med J Aust, 1978: 2:52-52.
3. Akselrod, S, Gordon, D, Ubel, FA, Shannon, DC, Barger, AC, Cohen, RJ, Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuation: a quantitative probe of beat to beat cardiovascular control, Science, 1981: 213:220-222.
4. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, Heart rate variability: standards of measurements, physiological interpretation and clinical use, Circulation,1996:93:1043-1065.
5. Catai, A. M, et al, Effects of aerobic exercise training on heart rate variability during wakefulness and sleep and cardiorespiratory responses of young and middle-aged healthy men, Braz J Med Biol Res, 2002:35(6):741-752.
6. Kouidi, E, Haritonidis, K, Koutlianos, N, Deligiannis. A, Effects of athletic training on heart rate variability triangular index, Clin Physiol & Func Im, 2002:22:279-284.
7. Melanson, E.L, Resting heart rate variability in men varying in habitual physical activity, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2000:32(11):1894-1901.
8. Hottenrott K, Hoos O, Esperer HD Heart rate variability and physical exercise. Current status. Herz. 2006:31:544–552.
9. Tuomainen P, Peuhkurinen K, Kettunen R, Rauramaa R. Regular physical exercise, heart rate variability and turbulence in a 6-year randomized controlled trial in middle-aged men: the DNASCO study. Life Sci 2005:77:2723–2734.
10. Furlan R, Barbic F, Piazza S, Tinelli M, Seghizzi P, Malliani A. Modifications of cardiac autonomic profile associated with a shift schedule of work.
Circulation 2000:102:1912–1916.
11. Gula LJ, Krahn AD, Skanes A, Ferguson KA, George C, Yee R, Klein GJ Heart rate variability
in obstructive sleep apnea: a prospective study and frequency domain analysis. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2003:8:144–149.
12. Alyan O, Kacmaz F, Ozdemir O, Maden O, Topaloglu S, Ozbakir C, Metin F, Karadede A, Ilkay E. Effects of cigarette smoking on heart rate variability and plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in healthy subjects: is there the relationship between both markers? Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2008:13:137–144.
13. Karakaya O, Barutcu I, Kaya D, Esen AM, Saglam M, Melek M, Onrat E, Turkmen M, Esen OB, Kaymaz C. Acute effect of cigarette smoking on heart rate variability. Angiology 2007:58:620–624.
14. Barutcu I, Esen AM, Kaya D, Turkmen M, Karakaya O, Melek M, Esen OB, Basaran. Cigarette smoking and heart rate variability: dynamic influence of parasympathetic and sympathetic maneuvers. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2005:10:324–329.
15. Rabbia F, Silke B, Conterno A, Grosso T, De Vito B, Rabbone I, Chiandussi L, Veglio F. Assessment of cardiac autonomic modulation during adolescent obesity. Obes Res 2003:11:541–548.
16. Singh JP, Larson MG, O’Donnell CJ, Wilson PF, Tsuji H, Lloyd-Jones DM, Levy D Association of hyperglycemia with reduced heart rate variability (The Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol 2000:86:309–312.
17. Jensen-Urstad M, Jensen-Urstad K, Ericson M, Johansson J. Heart rate variability is related to leucocyte count in men and to blood lipoproteins in women in a healthy population of 35-yearold subjects. J Intern Med 1998:243:33–40.
18. Silvetti MS, Drago F, Ragonese P. Heart rate variability in healthy children and adolescents is partially related to age and gender. Int J Cardiol2001:81:169–174.
19. Finley JP, Nugent ST. Heart rate variability in infants, children and young adults. J Auton Nerv Syst 1995:51:103–108.
20. Singh JP, Larson MG, O’Donnell CJ, Tsuji H, Corey D, Levy D. Genome scan linkage results for heart rate variability (The Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol 2002:90:1290–1293.
21. Colhoun HM, Francis DP, Rubens MB, Underwood SR, Fuller JH. The association ofheart-rate variability with cardiovascular risk factors andcoronary artery calcification: a study in type 1 diabetic patients and the general population. Diabetes Care 2001:24:1108–1114.
22. Longin E, Gerstner T, Schaible T, Lenz T, Konig S. Maturation of the autonomic nervous system: differences in heart rate variability in premature vs. term infants. J Perinat Med 2006:34:303–308.
23. Tsuji H, Larson MG, Venditti FJ Jr, Manders ES, Evans JC, Feldman CL, Levy D Impact of reduced heart rate variability on risk for cardiac events. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1996:94:2850–2855.
24. Schroeder EB, Liao D, Chambless LE, Prineas RJ, Evans GW, Heiss G. Hypertension, blood pressure, and heart rate variability: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Hypertension 2003:42:1106–1111.
25. Singh JP, Larson MG, Tsuji H, Evans JC, O’Donnell CJ, Levy D. Reduced heart rate variability and new-onset hypertension: insights into pathogenesis of hypertension: the Framingham Heart Study. Hypertension 1998:32:293–297.
26. Ewing D. J. Autonomic function testing (clinical) – Michael Poon’s Shrine of neurology. 1985, 1988 in www.Autonomic function testing.
27. Burgos LG, Ebert TJ, Asiddao C, et al. Increased intraoperative cardiovascular morbidity in diabetics with autonomic neuropathy. Anesthesiology 1989: 70:591-597.
28. Knuttgen D, Weidemann D, Doehn M. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy:abnormal cardiovascular reactions under general anesthesia. Klin Wochenschr 1990:68:1168-1172.
29. Malliani, A, The pattern of sympathovagal balance explored in the frequency domain, News Physiol Sci, 1999:14:111-117.
30. Malliani, A., M. Pagani, F. Lombardi, and S. Cerutti. Cardiovascular neural regulation explored in the frequency domain. Circulation 1991: 84: 482–492.
31. Qi Fu1, Kazunobu Okazaki, Shigeki Shibata, Robin P. Shook, Tiffany B. VanGunday, M. Melyn Galbreath, Miriam F. Reelick and Benjamin D. Levine. Menstrual cycle effects on sympathetic neural responses to upright tilt. J Physiol. 2009: 587: (9):2019–2031
32. DeBoer RW, Karemaker JM, Strackee J. Hemodynamic fluctuations and baroreflex sensitivity in humans: a beat-to-beat model. Am J Physiol 1987: 253:H680–9.
33. Raine Virtanen. Association between autonomic regulation and cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged subjects. Publications of the National Public Health Institute, A4/2007, 90 .
34. Madan Mohan, Prakash.E.S, Bhavanani.A.B. Co-Relation between heart rate variability, Blood pressure, Heart rate and pressure reactivity to isometric hand grip in healthy young male subjects.IJPP.2005: 49(2); 132-138
35. Saul JP, Berger RD, Albrecht P, Stein SP, Chen MH, Cohen RJ. Transfer function analysis of the circulation: unique insights into cardiovascular regulation. Am J Physiol. 1991:261:H1231–H1245.
36. Grossman P, Kollai M. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, cardiac vagal tone, and respiration: within- and between-individual relations. Psychophysiol. 1993:30:486–495.
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2011-12-31
How to Cite
chand, D. K. K., Srinivas, D. .CH., & devi, D. R. (2011). Involvement of Autonomic Nervous System in Isometric Handgrip in Healthy Young Subject: Involvement of Autonomic Nervous System in Isometric Handgrip. National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 2(4), 95–105. Retrieved from http://nicpd.ac.in/ojs-/index.php/njirm/article/view/1950
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