Management of Gingival Hyperpigmentation by Scalpel Surgical Technique
Management of Gingival Hyperpigmentation by Scalpel Surgical Technique
Keywords:
Gingival pigmentation, gingival depigmentation, gingival hyperpigmentation, scalpel surgical techniqueAbstract
Oral pigmentation occurs in all races of man. Although melanin pigmentation is the most common. The gingiva is the most frequently pigmented intra-oral tissues. Various depigmentation techniques have been employed. One of the first, and still popular, techniques to be employed was the surgical removal of undesirable pigmentation using scalpels. The technique is relatively simple and versatile and requires minimum time and effort. If repigmentation occurs, the procedure can be done repeatedly in the same area without limitation or causing any permanent damage. Three cases of gingival hyper pigmentation treated by the scalpel surgical technique are described here. After nine months follow up, none of the cases showed any recurrence of the pigmentation. [Jaladhi P NJIRM 2017; 8(2):183-189]
References
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30. Perlmutter S, Tal H. Repigmentation of the gingiva following surgical injury. J Periodontol. 1986 Jan;57(1):48-50.
31. Almas K, Sadig W. Surgical treatment of melanin-pigmented gingiva; an esthetic approach. Indian J Dent Res. 2002 Apr-Jun;13(2):70-3.
32. Putter OH, Ouellet D, Putter A, Vilaboa D, Vilaboa B, Fernandez M. A non-traumatic technique for removing Melanotic pigmentation lesions from the gingiva: Gingiabrasion. Dent Today 1994;13(10): 58-60.
33. Bergamaschi O, Kon S, Doine AI, Ruben MP. Melanin repigmentation after gingivectomy: A 5-year clinical and transmission electron microscopic
study in humans. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1993;13(1):85-92.
34. Perlmutter S, Tal H. Repigmentation of the gingiva following surgical injury. J Periodontol 1986;57(1):48-50.
35. Almas K, Sadig W. Surgical treatment of melanin-pigmented gingiva; An esthetic approach. Indian J Dent Res 2002;13(2): 70-73.
36. Meryman HT. Mechanisms of freezing in living eells and tissues. Science 1956;124:124-9.
37. Pick RM, Pecaro BC, Silberman CJ. The laser gingivectomy. The use of the CO2 laser for the removal of phenytoin hyperplasia. J Periodontol 1985;56:492-6.
38. Spencer P, Cobb CM, Wieliczka DM, et al. Change in temperature of subjacent bone during soft tissue laser ablation. J Periodontol 1998;69: 1278-1282
39. American Academy of Periodontology. Lasers in Periodontics . J Periodontol 2002;73:1231-1239.
40. Fowler EB, Breault LG, Galvin BG. Enhancing physiologic pigmentation utilizing a free gingival graft. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 2000;12(2): 193-196.
41. Dummett CO, Barens G, Sakumura JS. Attitudes toward normal pigmentations of the oral tissues. Quintessence Int 1981;12(10):1115-1122.
42. Agudio G, Pini Prato GP, Nevins M, Cortellini P, Ono Y. Esthetic modifications in periodontal therapy. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1989;9(4):288-299.
43. Hu, F.. Fosnaugh. R. P., and Leney. P. F.: In vitro studies on vitiligo, J invest Dermatol 3: 267, 1959.
2. Dummet CO, Barens G. Oromucosal pigmentation: an updated literary review. J Periodontol. 1971 Nov;42(11):726-36. Review.
3. Dummett CO. Oral tissue color changes (I). Quintessence Int. 1979 Nov;10(11):39-45.
4. Amir E, Gorsky M, Buchner A, et al. Physiologic pigmentation of the oral mucosa in Israeli children.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1991 Mar;71(3):396-8.
5. Gorsky M, Buchner A, Fundoianu-Dayan D, et al. Physiologic pigmentation of the gingiva in Israeli Jews of different ethnic origin. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984 Oct;58(4):506-9.
6. Tal H, Oegiesser D, Tal M, Gingival depigmentation by Erbium; YAG laser: clinical observations and patients responses. J Periodontal 2003:74:1660-1667.
7. Monash S. Normal pigmentation of the oral mucosa. Arch Dermatol Syph 1932;261:139-47.
8. Dummett CO. Overview of normal oral pigmentations. J Indiana Dent Assoc 1980;59(3):13-18.
9. Martini FH, Timmons MJ. Human Anatomy. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Publishers Company, 1995.
10. Dummett CO. A classification of oral pigmentation. Mil Med 1962;127:839-840.
11. Leston JM, Santos AA, Varela-Centelles PI, Garcia JV, Romero MA, Villamor LP. Oral mucosa: Variations from normalcy, Part II. Cutis 2002;69(3):215-217.
12. Fry L, Almeyda JR. The incidence of buccal pigmentation in caucasoids and negroids in Britain. Br J Dermatol 1968;80(4):244-247.
13. Tamizi M, Taheri M. Treatment of severe physiologic gingival pigmentation with free gingival autograft. Quintessence Int 1996;27(8):555-558.
14. Esen E, Haytac MC, Oz IA, Erdogan O, Karsli ED. Gingival melanin pigmentation and its treatment with the CO2 laser. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2004;98(5):522-527.
15. Dummett CO, Sakumura JS, Barens G. The relationship of facial skin complexion to oral mucosa pigmentation and tooth color. J Prosthet Dent 1980;43(4):392- 396.
16. Hoexter DL. Periodontal aesthetics to enhance a smile. Dent Today 1999;18(5): 78-81.
17. Becker SW. Melanin pigmentation. Archs Dermatol Syphilol 1927;17:259-309.
18. Laidlaw GF, Cahn LR. Melanoblasts in the gum. J Dent Res 1932;12:534-7.
19. Takeda Y. Existence and distribution of melanocytes and HMB- 45–positive cells in the human minor salivary glands. Pathol Int 2000;50:15-9.20. De Luca M, D’Anna F, Bondanza S, Tito Franzi A, Cancedda R. Human epithelial cells induce melanocyte growth in vitro but only skin keratinocytes regulates its proper differentiation in the absence of dermis. Eur J Cell Biol 1988;46:176-80.
21. Bolognia JL, Orlow SJ. Melanocyte biology. In: Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP, editors. Dermatology. 2nd ed. London: Mosby; 2003. p. 44.
22. Çiçek Y, Ertas¸ U¨ . The normal and pathological pigmentation of oral mucous membrane: a review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003;3:76-86.
23. Barrett AW, Scully C. Human oral mucosal melanocytes: a review. J Oral Pathol Med 1994;23:97-103.
24. Fitzpatrick TB, Breatnach AS. Das epidermale melanin-einheitsystem. Dermatol Wschr 1963;147:481-9.
25. Hicks MJ, Flaitz CM. Oral mucosal melanoma: epidemiology and pathobiology. Oral Oncol 2000;36:152-69.
26. Dummet CO, Barens G. Oromucosal pigmentation: an update literary review. J Periodontol 1971;42:726-36.
27. Fitzpatrick TB, Ortonne JP. Normal skin color and general considerations of pigmentary disorders. In: Freedberg I, Eisen A, Wolff K, Austen K, Goldsmith L, Katz S (editors). Fitzpatrick’s dermatology in general medicine. 6th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2003. p. 821.
28. Amir E, Gorsky M, Buchner A, Sarnat H, Gat H. Physiologic pigmentation of the oral mucosa in Irsaeli children. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1991;71:396-8.
29. Miserendino LJ, Pick RM. Lasers in dentistry. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co, 1995.
30. Perlmutter S, Tal H. Repigmentation of the gingiva following surgical injury. J Periodontol. 1986 Jan;57(1):48-50.
31. Almas K, Sadig W. Surgical treatment of melanin-pigmented gingiva; an esthetic approach. Indian J Dent Res. 2002 Apr-Jun;13(2):70-3.
32. Putter OH, Ouellet D, Putter A, Vilaboa D, Vilaboa B, Fernandez M. A non-traumatic technique for removing Melanotic pigmentation lesions from the gingiva: Gingiabrasion. Dent Today 1994;13(10): 58-60.
33. Bergamaschi O, Kon S, Doine AI, Ruben MP. Melanin repigmentation after gingivectomy: A 5-year clinical and transmission electron microscopic
study in humans. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1993;13(1):85-92.
34. Perlmutter S, Tal H. Repigmentation of the gingiva following surgical injury. J Periodontol 1986;57(1):48-50.
35. Almas K, Sadig W. Surgical treatment of melanin-pigmented gingiva; An esthetic approach. Indian J Dent Res 2002;13(2): 70-73.
36. Meryman HT. Mechanisms of freezing in living eells and tissues. Science 1956;124:124-9.
37. Pick RM, Pecaro BC, Silberman CJ. The laser gingivectomy. The use of the CO2 laser for the removal of phenytoin hyperplasia. J Periodontol 1985;56:492-6.
38. Spencer P, Cobb CM, Wieliczka DM, et al. Change in temperature of subjacent bone during soft tissue laser ablation. J Periodontol 1998;69: 1278-1282
39. American Academy of Periodontology. Lasers in Periodontics . J Periodontol 2002;73:1231-1239.
40. Fowler EB, Breault LG, Galvin BG. Enhancing physiologic pigmentation utilizing a free gingival graft. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 2000;12(2): 193-196.
41. Dummett CO, Barens G, Sakumura JS. Attitudes toward normal pigmentations of the oral tissues. Quintessence Int 1981;12(10):1115-1122.
42. Agudio G, Pini Prato GP, Nevins M, Cortellini P, Ono Y. Esthetic modifications in periodontal therapy. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1989;9(4):288-299.
43. Hu, F.. Fosnaugh. R. P., and Leney. P. F.: In vitro studies on vitiligo, J invest Dermatol 3: 267, 1959.
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2018-02-01
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Patel, J., & Shah, J. (2018). Management of Gingival Hyperpigmentation by Scalpel Surgical Technique: Management of Gingival Hyperpigmentation by Scalpel Surgical Technique. National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 8(2), 183–189. Retrieved from http://nicpd.ac.in/ojs-/index.php/njirm/article/view/1233
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