Retrospective Study Of Common Prevalent Risk Factors Among Female Patients Presented With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Retrospective Study Of Common Prevalent Risk Factors Among Female Patients
Keywords:
Coronary artery disease (CAD), Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), Hypertension, Diabetes, Obesity, Hypercholesterolemia, C-Reactive Protein (CRP)Abstract
Background and Objective : Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is characterized by classical history of ischaemic chest pain, apprehension and sweating with definite Electro-Cardio gram (ECG) evidence or cardiac marker of ischaemia. The risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) are modifiable and non-modifiable. CAD is a major cause of disability and the leading cause of death in women. The objective of our study was to assess the impact of various risk factors in women presented with ACS. Method: A total of 100 female patients of ACS and twenty healthy females were taken as control. The mean age of women presented with ACS was 62.62 years and all have attained menopause. Result: The prevalence of major risk factors of ACS in women are hypertension (78%), stress (74%), obesity (46%), sedentary habits (38%), genetic predisposition (36%), diabetes (32%) and tobacco use (18%),higher socio-economic status (74%). Significantly (P <0.05) high levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides along with reduced High Density Lipid (HDL). Conclusion: The prevalence of C - reactive protein (CRP) Positivity (>6 mg/L) is significant in women with (92%) as compared to healthy women (20%).[Jain S NJIRM 2014; 5(3) :27-32]
References
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33. Beverly RK, Siscovick D, Schwartz S et a/. Family history and risk of myocardial infarction in young women. Circulation 1996; 93:635.
34. Dhar M, Dwivedi S, Agarwal M P, Rajpal S. Clinical profile of coronary artery disease in women. Indian J Cardiology 2006; 9:18-23.
35. Gupta SP and Malhotra KC. Urban-rural trends in the epidemiology of coronary heart disease. J.Assoc. Phy. India 1975;23:885.
36. Balakrishnan KG, Raghu K, Joy J. Coronary artery disease in the young: risk factors and angiographic profile. Indian Heart J 1990; 42:247.
2. Enas A, Senthilkumar A, Juturu V, Gupta R. Coronary artery disease in women. Indian Heart J 2001; 53:282-92.
3. Castelli WP and Kanel WB. Cardiovascular disease in women.Am. J. Obstet. gynecol.1988; 138:1553.
4. Dave TH, wasir HS,prabhakaran D, Das G, Rajani M, Venugopal p, Tandon R. Profile of coronary disease in Indian women.Indian Heart J. 1991;43:25.
5. Gupta R. Coronary heart disease epidemiology in India: the past, present, and future. I: Rao GHR (ed). Coronary Artery Disease in South Asians. New Delhi: Jaypee, 2001; 6-28.
6. Burt VL et al. Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population: result of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. Hypertension 1995; 25:305-13.
7. Dahloef B, Lindholm L, Hanson L.Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish trial in old patients with hypertension.Lancet 1991;338:1281.
8. Shepherd J, Cobbe SM , Ford I et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Engl Med 1995;333:1301-7.
9. Oh K, Hu FB,Manson JE et al. Dietary fat intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women: 20 years of follow-up of the Nurses Health study.Am.J. Epidemiol. 2005;161:672-9.
10. Kanel WB.Range of serum cholesterol values in the population developing coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiol. 1995; 76: 6973.
11. Austin MA. Plasma triglyceride as a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1989;129:249.
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . National diabetes fact sheet: general information and national estimates on diabetes in the United States, 2005.
13. Kanel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framinghtan Study. JAMA 1979;241:2035.
14. Gupta R, Puri VK, Narayan VS,Saran PK, Dwivedi SK, Singh S,Pandey AK, Gupta V, Bohra P. Cardiovascular risk profile in INdian women. Indian Heart J. 1999; 51:679.
15. Manson JE, Colditz GA,Stamfer MJ, Willet WC, Rosner B, Manson RR, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of obesity and risk of coronary heart disease in women. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990;322:882.
16. Bjorntorp p. Regional patterns of fat distribution. Ann. Int. Med. 1985; 103:394.
17. Deedwania P, Singh V. Coronary artery disease in south Asians: evoling strategies for treatment and prevention. Indian Hert J 2005; 57:617-31.
18. Colditz GA, Bonita R, stamfer MJ, Willet WC, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH : Cigarette
smoking and risk of stroke in middle-aged women. 1988; N. Engl. J. Med. 318:937.
19. Stamfer MJ, Colditz GA, willet WC, Seizer FE, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women. N. Engl. J. Med. 1988; 319:267.
20. Gaziano JM, Buing JE, Breslow JL, Hennekens CH. Moderate alcohol intake, increased levels of high-density lipoprotein and its subfractions, and decreased risk of myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med.1993;329:1829.
21. O’Tode ML. Exercise and physical activity. In Douglas PS ( ed) : Cardiovascular health and disease in women. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. 1993; 231.
22. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T et al. Randomised trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. JAMA 1998; 280:605-13.
23. Mann 31, Vassey MP,Thorogood M, Doll R. Myocardial infarction in young women with special reference to oral contraceptive practice. British Med. J. 1975;2:241.
24. Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC et al. Post-menopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. Ten-year follow-up from the Nurses Health Study. N Engal J Med 1991; 325:756-62.
25. Stamfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willet WC, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH : Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease : Quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic evidence.Prev. Med. 1991;20:47.
26. Koh KK, Mincemoyer R, Bui MN. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women. N. Engl. J. Med. 1997;386:683.
27. Luzzo G, Biasucci LM, Gallimore JR. The prognostic value of C- reactive protein and serum amyloid. A protein in severe unstable angina. N. Engl. J. Med. 1994;331:417.
28. Gonga A, Sinha RSK, Gupta B. C-reactive protein marker for atherothrombotic events. J. Assoc. Phy. India. 1999;47:818.
29. Ridker PM, BUing JE, Shih J, Matias M, Hennekens CH. prospective study of c- reactiveprotein and the risk of future cardiovascular events among apparently healthy women. Circulation, 1998; 14:54.
30. Pedoe TH, Kulasmma k, Arnouejel P. Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths. WHO Monica project. Circulation. 90583, 1994.
31. Braunwald E. Heart disease. A text book of cardiovascular medicine, 5th edition, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.1706,1997.
32. Statistical outlines of India : Tata services Ltd., Department of Economics & Statistics 1995-1996.
33. Beverly RK, Siscovick D, Schwartz S et a/. Family history and risk of myocardial infarction in young women. Circulation 1996; 93:635.
34. Dhar M, Dwivedi S, Agarwal M P, Rajpal S. Clinical profile of coronary artery disease in women. Indian J Cardiology 2006; 9:18-23.
35. Gupta SP and Malhotra KC. Urban-rural trends in the epidemiology of coronary heart disease. J.Assoc. Phy. India 1975;23:885.
36. Balakrishnan KG, Raghu K, Joy J. Coronary artery disease in the young: risk factors and angiographic profile. Indian Heart J 1990; 42:247.
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2018-01-03
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Jain, D. S. C., Meena, D. R., Meena, D. M., & Jain, D. M. K. (2018). Retrospective Study Of Common Prevalent Risk Factors Among Female Patients Presented With Acute Coronary Syndrome: Retrospective Study Of Common Prevalent Risk Factors Among Female Patients. National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 5(3), 27–33. Retrieved from http://nicpd.ac.in/ojs-/index.php/njirm/article/view/729
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