A Study Of Clinical Profile Of Patients With Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Special Reference to Its Management And Outcome

A Study Of Clinical Profile Of Patients With Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a metabolic derangement consisting of high blood glucose concentration, measurable ketone bodies in blood and /or urine and metabolic acidosis. DKA mainly occurs in patients with type 1 diabetes, but it is not uncommon in patients with type 2 diabetes. DKA is a Medical emergency, responsible for significant amount of admissions in Medical Emergency Ward. It is the most common serious and life threatening acute complication of diabetes. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 60 patients who are k/c/o Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1/Type 2) or newly detected above the age of 12 years presented with DKA and have RBS >250 mg/dl, positive serum and urine ketone test, PH < 7.35, HCO3 level < 18 mmol/L, Respiratory rate < 30 per min, Systolic BP >90 mm of Hg and informed written consent given. Results: Infection and insulin therapy discontinuation being the most common causes of DKA. Incidence of DKA is more common in type 1 DM. DKA, most common presenting symptoms were Nausea/Vomiting. DKA is more common in female as compared to male. The mean blood glucose level at presentation higher in type 1 DM patients as compared to type 2 DM. Type 2 DM patients are less dehydrated than type 1 patients. Conclusion: Infection and insulin therapy discontinuation being the most common causes of DKA. Mortality in patients with DKA can be greatly reduced with early recognition of symptoms and precipitating factors and timely administration of insulin therapy. Proper insulin dosage and administration and prevention from infection can decrease incidence of admission in emergency medical ward. [Prajapati B Natl J Integr Res Med, 2019; 10(2):12-15]