Study of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Association with Coronary Artery Disease
Keywords:
Fatty liver, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery diseaseAbstract
Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a type of fatty liver which occurs when fat is deposited in the liver due to causes other than excessive alcohol use. Data suggests that NAFLD is also an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease, which remains the commonest cause of mortality in such patients.
Aims: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasound examination of the liver in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and to assess the association between NAFLD and coronary artery disease (CAD) in type 2 DM. Settings and Design: This is an observational study conducted at Department of General Medicine of a tertiary care centre for 2 years. Methods: 500 adult patients (age >18 years) of type 2 DM were evaluated for NAFLD, CAD and other cardiovascular risk factors. Statistical analysis used: Microsoft Excel® and SPSS® 20 for Windows® were used for data storage and analysis. Results: The incidence of NAFLD was 44% in all diabetics, among them males were affected more (50%) than females (40%). Mean BMI was 27.8 and 27.2 among males and females respectively. NAFLD subjects had higher incidence of smoking, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, uncontrolled sugar and CAD than Non-NAFLD group subjects. These differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: Clinicians should look for NAFLD in diabetics, especially in the presence of the metabolic syndrome. Once found, aggressive management of risk factors for CAD should be the primary goal, given the greater odds of developing CAD and the high prevalence of CAD in diabetics with NAFLD.
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