A Study on Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus among HIV-Positive Individuals
Keywords:
Co-infection, HIV, CytomegalovirusAbstract
Introduction: The AIDS pandemic has created an explosive increase in the number of profoundly immunocompromised people worldwide. It has been suggested that cytomegalovirus (CMV) can stimulate HIV replication either directly by trans-activating HIV genome or indirectly through the production of cytokines or up-regulation of CD4 receptors and Fc receptors. Methods: The 500 individuals who were positive for HIV infection and Three hundred healthy age and sex matched HIV-negative controls were selected and further tested for the presence of anti CMV antibodies. Results: Anti-cytomegalovirus antibodies could be detected in 68.6% HIV positive patients and in 49.33% HIV-negative controls. The difference in positivity of viral agents studied in HIV positive patients was highly significant as compared to HIV-negative individuals (p < 0.001). This study concludes that the seroprevalence of CMV antibodies is significantly higher among HIV- positive patients as compared to HIV negative controls, also that the increased seroprevalence of CMV antibodies is observed in persons who acquire HIV-I infection through heterosexual route (72.41%). Conclusion: The evidences to suggest that CMV can act as co-factor in HIV infection and may accelerate its progression to AIDS and facilitate its spread through sexual contact in co-infected patients, it is necessary that the co-infection should be diagnosed and treated at an earliest. This is an important step for intervention in the progression of the disease and for an overall improvement in survival of these co-infected patients.
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