A Cross- Sectional Study to Assess The Prevalence & Certain Associated Risk Factors For Postpartum Depression In Women In A Tertiary Care Hospital
A Cross Sectional Study
Keywords:
Post partum depression, PPDAbstract
Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common complication after delivery and may lead mothers to be inconsistent with childcare and may even progress to negative events. If diagnosed early it can be treated with support, medication etc. & prevented by screening for depression. The study was carried out to find the prevalence of postpartum depression in women and to identify & establish the associated risk factors involved. Methods: Cross sectional study on women in first week of postpartum period. Data was obtained by interviewing the mothers using a structured questionnaire, which included socio-demographic details. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to identify patients at risk for PPD. Questions were translated into Konkani according to local needs & validated by pilot study. Results: Study revealed 18.25% prevalence of PPD and significantly associated with relationship with In-laws, outcome of immediate previous & present delivery, neonatal complications in immediate previous pregnancy, which could be identified as potential risk factors. Conclusion: As postpartum depression can put the mother and child to certain risks, it is important that women are screened for PPD. Social support and interventions including counseling, various supportive interactions during the pregnancy can help in preventing PPD. This is an essential area of research that needs to be further developed in order to guide policy and clinical practice.
References
2. O'Hara MW, Zekoski EM, Philipps LH, Wright EJ. Controlled prospective study of postpartum mood disorders: comparison of childbearing and no childbearing women.Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1990;99:3-15.
3. Warner R, Appleby L, Whitton A, Faragher B. Demographic and obstetric risk factors for postnatal psychiatric morbidity. British Journal of Psychiatry 1996;168:607-11.
4. Wisner KL, Parry BL, Piontek CM. Postpartum Depression N Engl J Med 2002July18;347:194-99.
5. Matthey S, Kavanagh DJ, Howie P, Barnett B, Charles M.Prevention of postnatal distress or depression: an evaluation of an intervention atpreparation for parenthood classes.Journal Affect Disorder 2004Apr;79(1-3):113-26.
6. Morgan M, Matthey S, Barnett B, Richardson C. A group programme for postnatally distressed women and their partners. Journal of Advanced Nursing 1997;26:913-20.
7. Beck CT. A meta-analysis of predictors of postpartum depression.Nurs Res 1996Sep-Oct;45(5):297-303.
8. Dennis CE. Preventing postpartum depression Part II: A critical review of non-biological interventions. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 2004;49(8):526–38.
9. Menaghann EG.Social stress and individual distress.Community Mental Health 1990;6:107-41.
10. Seguin L, Potvin L, St Denis M, Loiselle J. Depressive symptoms in the late postpartum among low socioeconomic status women.Birth 1999;26:157-63.
11. O'Hara MW, Swain AM. Rates and risk of postpartum depression-a meta-analysis.International Review of Psychiatry 1996;8:37-54.
12. Golbasi Z, Kelleci M, Kisacik G, Cetin A. Prevalence and correlates of depression in pregnancy among Turkish women. Maternal child health journal 2010Jul;14(4):485-91.
13. Stowe ZN, Nemeroff CB. Women at risk for postpartum-onset depression. Am J ObstetGynecol 1995;173: 639–45.
14. Patel V, Rodrigues M, DeSouza N, Gender, Poverty, and Postnatal Depression: A study of
Mothers in Goa, India Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:43-7
15. Wilson LM, Reid AJ, Midmer DK, Biringer A, Carroll JC, Stewart DE. Antenatal psychosocial risk factors associated with adverse postpartum family outcomes CMAJ1996Mar15;154(6):785-99
