Saliva as a Diagnostic Aid in Periodontitis -A Biochemical Study
Saliva as a Diagnostic Aid in Periodontitis -A Biochemical Study
Keywords:
Saliva, diagnostic aid, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferaseAbstract
Aim: To study the saliva as a diagnostic aid in gingivitis and periodontitis patients. Method: The study includes 60 subjects of both sexes aged between 15-55 years. 60 subjects were divided into 3 groups of 20 individuals each. Further, each group was divided equally into 10 males and 10 females. The three groups were: (1) Healthy patients who have no gingival or periodontal disease, (2) Gingivitis patients in whom the findings are confined only to gingiva and (3) Third group included periodontitis patients who have periodontal pockets ≥ 4 mm as well as clinical attachment loss. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were been collected and it was transported to the laboratory for biochemical analysis of alkaline phosphatase enzyme, aspartate aminotransferase enzyme and calcium ions, within 24 hours. Result: Results showed, the level of alkaline phosphatase enzyme, aspartate aminotransferase enzyme and calcium ions was found significantly higher in the periodontitis group as compared to the gingivitis and healthy groups. Conclusion: Saliva can be used as an aid in the diagnosis of periodontal disease by identifying the biochemical markers. More longitudinal studies examining the relationship of these identified biochemical markers to the natural history of periodontal disease is the obvious next step in the line of investigation. [Jaladh P NJIRM 2017; 8(2) :106-109]
References
2. Kaufman E and Lamster IB. Analysis of saliva for periodontal diagnosis. J Clin Periodontal 2000; 27: 453-465.
3. Edgar WM. Saliva: its secretion, composition and functions. Br Dent J. 1992; 172: 305-312.
4. Humphrey SP, Williamson RT. A review of saliva: normal composition, flow, and function. J Prosthet Dent. 2001; 85: 162-169.
5. Tabak LA. A revolution in biomedical assessment: the development of salivary diagnostics. J Dent Educ. 2001; 65: 1335-1339.
6. Salingur SE and Cohen RE. Analysis of host responses and risk for disease progression. Perio 2000 2004; 34: 57-83.
7. Todorovic T, Dozic I, Vicente-Barrero M, Ljuskovic B, Pejovic J, Marja-Novic M and Knezevic M. Salivary enzymes and periodontal disease. Med Oral Patho Oral Cir Bucal 2006; 11: 115-119.
8. Nakamura M and Slots J. Salivary enzymes. J Periodont Res. 1983; 18: 559-569.
9. Totan A, Greabu M, Totan C and Spinu T. Salivary aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP): possible markers in periodontal diseases? Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 2006; 44: 5; 612-615.
10. Nomura Y, Tamaki Y, Tanaka T, Arakawa H, Tsurumoto A, Kirimura K, Sato T, Hanada N and Kamoi K. Screening of periodontitis with salivary enzyme tests. Journal of Oral Science. 2006, 48(4): 177-183.
11. Cesco R, Ito IY, Albuquerque Junior RF, Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in saliva of patients with different periodontal conditions. J. Clin Periodontol 2003; 30: 752–755.
12. Sewon L, Soderling E and Karjalainen S. Comparative study on mineralization related intra oral parameters in periodontitis affected and periodontitis free adults. Scand J Dent Res 1990; 98(4): 305-312.
13. Sewon LA, Karjalainen SM, Soderling E, Lapinleimu H and Simell O. Association between salivary calcium and oral health. J Clin Periodontal 1998: 25; 915-919.
14. Sewon L and Makela M , A study of the possible correlation of high salivary calcium levels with periodontal and dental conditions in young adults. Arch Oral Biol. 1990;35 Suppl:211S-212S.
