Content Validity and Test-Retest Reliability of the Gujarati Version of the Central Sensitization Inventory
Content Validity And Test-Retest Reliability Of The Gujarati Version Of The CSI
Keywords:
Central Sensitization Inventory- Gujarati (CSI-G), Central Sensitization, Chronic Low back Pain, Reliability, ValidityAbstract
Background: Central sensitization (CS) is a state of heightened sensitivity of the central nervous system to both noxious and non-noxious stimuli. The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a sound screening tool to help clinicians to detect patients with CS. To date, no Gujarati version exists. Objectives: The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the CSI into Gujarati, and to check content validity, face validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, agreement and minimum detectable change (MDC) of CSI-G in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. Methods: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original English version of the CSI-G was performed according to published guidelines. The content validity was ascertained by 23 healthcare professionals. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, agreement and MDC was determined on CLBP patients (n=31) with a time interval of 7-days. Results: The content validity and Face validity was found to be excellent. The internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach’s α=0.914) and MDC was found to be 5.092 points. The test-retest reliability showed very high correlation in CLBP patients (ICC = 0.971). Conclusion: The original CSI was translated into Gujarati and did not pose any problems during data acquisition. The CSI-G seems to be reliable instruments to measure CS in Gujarati patients with CLBP. [Bid D NJIRM 2016; 7(5):18-24]
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2.Staud R. Evidence of involvement of central neural mechanisms in generating fibromyalgia pain. Current rheumatology reports. 2002;4(4):299-305.
3.Woolf CJ. Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain. 2011;152(3 Suppl):S2-15.
4.Sorensen J, Graven-Nielsen T, Henriksson KG, Bengtsson M, Arendt-Nielsen L. Hyperexcitability in fibromyalgia. The Journal of rheumatology. 1998;25(1):152-5.
5.Leffler AS, Hansson P, Kosek E. Somatosensory perception in a remote pain-free area and function of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) in patients suffering from long-term trapezius myalgia. European journal of pain. 2002;6(2):149-59.
6.Banic B, Petersen-Felix S, Andersen OK, Radanov BP, Villiger PM, Arendt-Nielsen L, et al. Evidence for spinal cord hypersensitivity in chronic pain after whiplash injury and in fibromyalgia. Pain. 2004;107(1-2):7-15.
7.Meeus M, Nijs J, Huybrechts S, Truijen S. Evidence for generalized hyperalgesia in chronic fatigue syndrome: a case control study. Clinical rheumatology. 2010;29(4):393-8.
8.Loeser JD, Treede RD. The Kyoto protocol of IASP Basic Pain Terminology. Pain. 2008;137(3):473-7.
9.Staud R, Craggs JG, Robinson ME, Perlstein WM, Price DD. Brain activity related to temporal summation of C-fiber evoked pain. Pain. 2007;129(1-2):130-42.
10.Meeus M, Nijs J, Van de Wauwer N, Toeback L, Truijen S. Diffuse noxious inhibitory control is delayedin chronic fatigue syndrome: an experimental study. Pain. 2008;139(2):439-48.
11.Meeus M, Nijs J. Central sensitization: a biopsychosocial explanation for chronic widespread pain in patients with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Clinical rheumatology. 2007;26(4):465-73.
12.Zhuo M. A synaptic model for pain: long-term potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex. Molecules and cells. 2007;23(3):259-71.
13.Maier SF, Watkins LR. Cytokines for psychologists: implications of bidirectional immune-to-brain communication for understanding behavior, mood, and cognition. Psychological review. 1998;105(1):83-107.
14.Watkins LR, Maier SF. Implications of immune-to-brain communication for sickness and pain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1999;96(14):7710-3.
15.Bazan NG. COX-2 as a multifunctional neuronal modulator. Nat Med. 2001;7(4):414-5.
16.Samad TA, Moore KA, Sapirstein A, Billet S, Allchorne A, Poole S, et al. Interleukin-1beta-mediated induction of Cox-2 in the CNS contributes to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Nature. 2001;410(6827):471-5.
17.Pfau DB, Krumova EK, Treede RD, Baron R, Toelle T, Birklein F, et al. Quantitative sensory testing in the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): reference data for the trunk and application in patients with chronic postherpetic neuralgia. Pain. 2014;155(5):1002-15.
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19.Neblett R, Cohen H, Choi Y, Hartzell MM, Williams M, Mayer TG, et al. The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI): establishing clinically significant values for identifying central sensitivity syndromes in an outpatient chronic pain sample. The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society. 2013;14(5):438-45.
20.Neblett R, Hartzell MM, Cohen H, Mayer TG, Williams M, Choi Y, et al. Ability of the central sensitization inventory to identify central sensitivity syndromes in an outpatient chronic pain sample. The Clinical journal of pain. 2015;31(4):323-32.
21.Beaton D, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Recommendations for the cross-cultural adaptation of health status measures. New York: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2002:1-9.
22.Guillemin F, Bombardier C, Beaton D. Cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures: literature review and proposed guidelines. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 1993;46(12):1417-32.
23.Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine. 2000;25(24):3186-91.
24.Cronbach LJ. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika. 1951;16(3):297-334.
25.Portney L, Watkins M. Foundation of Clinical Research: Applications to practice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 2000.
26.Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet (London, England). 1986;1(8476):307-10.
27.Hopkins WG. Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports medicine (Auckland, NZ). 2000;30(1):1-15.
28.Neblett R, Hartzell MM, Mayer TG, Cohen H, Gatchel RJ. Establishing Clinically Relevant Severity Levels for the Central Sensitization Inventory. Pain Practice. 2016:n/a-n/a.
29.Pitance L, Piraux E, Lannoy B, Meeus M, Berquin A, Eeckhout C, et al. Cross cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the French version of the central sensitization inventory. Manual therapy.25:e83-e4.
30.Kregel J, Vuijk PJ, Descheemaeker F, Keizer D, van der Noord R, Nijs J, et al. The Dutch Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI): Factor Analysis, Discriminative Power and Test-Retest Reliability. The Clinical journal of pain. 2015.
31.Keszei AP, Novak M, Streiner DL. Introduction to health measurement scales. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2010;68(4):319-23.
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Published
2018-01-24
How to Cite
D, B. D., C, S. N., V, R. P., & Ramalingam, A. T. (2018). Content Validity and Test-Retest Reliability of the Gujarati Version of the Central Sensitization Inventory: Content Validity And Test-Retest Reliability Of The Gujarati Version Of The CSI. National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 7(5), 18–24. Retrieved from http://nicpd.ac.in/ojs-/index.php/njirm/article/view/1131
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