Magnets in Orthodontics: An Overview
Magnets in Orthodontics: An Overview
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70284/njirm.v6i1.865Keywords:
Magnets, magnetic orthodontic appliance, tooth movementAbstract
Magnetic force is an essential ingredient of nature. The electron and the atom are the smallest magnets. The magnetic moment of the atom is caused by its own spin or by orbital motion of its electrons. Magnets have been used in the dentistry for many years, most commonly to aid in the retention of dentures and over dentures as well as obturators. In orthodontics, they have been used for treatment of unerupted teeth, for tooth movement along arch wire, for expansion, fixed retention, in correction of anterior open bite and in functional appliances. [Patel Ch NJIRM 2015; 6(1):102-106]
References
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2. Federick. A magnetically retained interim maxillary obturator. J of prosthetic dentistry 1976; 36:671-675.
3. Sandler. An attractive solution to unerupted teeth. American J of orthod 1991; 100:489-493.
4. Darendeliler, Freidle. Treatment of an impacted canine with magnets. J clinic orthod 1994; 28:639-642.
5. Blechman. Magnetic force systems in orthodontics. Am J orthod 1985; 87:201-210.
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7. Springate, Sandler. Micro-magnetic retainers: an attractive solution to fixed retention. British J of orthod 1991; 18:139-141.
8. Dellinger. A clinical assessment of the active vertical corrector – a nonsurgical alternative for skeletal open bite treatment. Am J orthod 1986; 89:428-436.
9. Vardimon et al. functional orthopaedic magnetic appliance (FOMA) II – modus operandi. Am J of orthod 1989; 95:371-387.
10. Vardimon et al. functional orthopaedic magnetic appliance (FOMA) III – modus operandi. Am J orthod 1990; 97:135-148.
11. Darendeliler, Joho. Magnetic activator device II (MAD II) for correction of Class II division 1 malocclusions. Am J orthod 1993; 103:223-239.
12. Harris. Hard magnets. Materials Science and Technology 1990;6:962-966.
13. Sandler et al. Magnets in orthodontics. Brit J of orthod 1989; 16:243-249.
14. Bondemark, Kurol, Wennberg. Orthodontic rare earth magnets – in vitro cytotoxicity assessment. Brit J orthod 1994; 21:335-341.
15. Donogue, Mc Donald, Evans. In vitro cytotoxicity testing of neodymium iron boron
magnets. Journal of applied biomaterials 1995;6:69-74.
16. Vardimon, Mueller. In vivo and in vitro corrosion of permanent magnets in orthodontics therapy. J of dental research 1985; 64:89.
17. Linder-Aronson, Lindskog, Rygh. Orthodontic magnets: effects of gingival epithelium and alveolar bone in monkeys. Eur J of orthod 1992; 14:255-263.
18. Camilleri S, McDonald F. Static magnetic field effects on the sagittal suture in Rattusnorvegicus. Am J orthod dentofacial orthop 1993; 103:240-246.
19. Bondemark L, Kurol J, Larsson A. Human dental pulp and gingival tissue after static magnetic field exposure. Eur J orthod 1995; 17:85-91.
20. Tsutsui H, Kinouch Y, Sasaki H, Shiota M, Ushita T. Studies on the Sm-Co magnet as a dental material. J of dent research 1979; 58:597-606.
21. Wilson M, Patel H, Kpendema M, Noar JH, Hunt NP, Mordan NJ. Corrosion of intra-oral magnets by multi-species biofilms in the presence and absence of sucrose. Biomaterials 1997;18:53-57.
22. Kiliaridis S, Egermar VI, Thilander B. Anterior open bite treatment with magnets. Eur J Orthod. 1990;12:447-457.
23. Noar JH, Shell N, Hunt NP. The performance of bonded magnets used in the treatment of anterior open bite. Am J orthod dentofacial orthop 1996;109:549-557.
24. Muller M. The use of magnets in orthodontics: an alternative means to produce tooth movement. Eur J Orthod 1984;6:247-253.
25. Gianelly AA, Vaitas AS, Thomas WM, Berger DG. Distalisation of molars with repelling magnets. J Cli Orthod 1988; 22:41-44.
26. Bondemark L, Kurol J, Bernhold M. Repelling magnets versus superelastic nickel-titanium coils in simultaneous distal movement of first and second molars. Angle orthod 1994;64:189-198.
27. Chate RAC. The propellant unilateral magnetic appliance (PUMA): a new technique for hemifacialmicrosmia. Eur J orthod 1995;17:263-271
28. Moss JP, Linney AD, Goodwin P, Shaw IA. Three dimensional study of treatment with magnet and non-magnet twin blocks. Eur J orthod 1993;15:342
29. Kawata T et al. A new orthodontic force system of magnetic brackets. Am J orthod dentofacial orthop 1987; 92:241-248.
30. Darendelilier MA, Joho JP. Class II bimaxillary protrusion treated with magnetic forces. J Clin orthod 1992; 26:361-368.
2. Federick. A magnetically retained interim maxillary obturator. J of prosthetic dentistry 1976; 36:671-675.
3. Sandler. An attractive solution to unerupted teeth. American J of orthod 1991; 100:489-493.
4. Darendeliler, Freidle. Treatment of an impacted canine with magnets. J clinic orthod 1994; 28:639-642.
5. Blechman. Magnetic force systems in orthodontics. Am J orthod 1985; 87:201-210.
6. Vardimon et al. Magnetic versus mechanical expansion with different force thresholds and points of application. Am J orthod 1987; 92:455-466.
7. Springate, Sandler. Micro-magnetic retainers: an attractive solution to fixed retention. British J of orthod 1991; 18:139-141.
8. Dellinger. A clinical assessment of the active vertical corrector – a nonsurgical alternative for skeletal open bite treatment. Am J orthod 1986; 89:428-436.
9. Vardimon et al. functional orthopaedic magnetic appliance (FOMA) II – modus operandi. Am J of orthod 1989; 95:371-387.
10. Vardimon et al. functional orthopaedic magnetic appliance (FOMA) III – modus operandi. Am J orthod 1990; 97:135-148.
11. Darendeliler, Joho. Magnetic activator device II (MAD II) for correction of Class II division 1 malocclusions. Am J orthod 1993; 103:223-239.
12. Harris. Hard magnets. Materials Science and Technology 1990;6:962-966.
13. Sandler et al. Magnets in orthodontics. Brit J of orthod 1989; 16:243-249.
14. Bondemark, Kurol, Wennberg. Orthodontic rare earth magnets – in vitro cytotoxicity assessment. Brit J orthod 1994; 21:335-341.
15. Donogue, Mc Donald, Evans. In vitro cytotoxicity testing of neodymium iron boron
magnets. Journal of applied biomaterials 1995;6:69-74.
16. Vardimon, Mueller. In vivo and in vitro corrosion of permanent magnets in orthodontics therapy. J of dental research 1985; 64:89.
17. Linder-Aronson, Lindskog, Rygh. Orthodontic magnets: effects of gingival epithelium and alveolar bone in monkeys. Eur J of orthod 1992; 14:255-263.
18. Camilleri S, McDonald F. Static magnetic field effects on the sagittal suture in Rattusnorvegicus. Am J orthod dentofacial orthop 1993; 103:240-246.
19. Bondemark L, Kurol J, Larsson A. Human dental pulp and gingival tissue after static magnetic field exposure. Eur J orthod 1995; 17:85-91.
20. Tsutsui H, Kinouch Y, Sasaki H, Shiota M, Ushita T. Studies on the Sm-Co magnet as a dental material. J of dent research 1979; 58:597-606.
21. Wilson M, Patel H, Kpendema M, Noar JH, Hunt NP, Mordan NJ. Corrosion of intra-oral magnets by multi-species biofilms in the presence and absence of sucrose. Biomaterials 1997;18:53-57.
22. Kiliaridis S, Egermar VI, Thilander B. Anterior open bite treatment with magnets. Eur J Orthod. 1990;12:447-457.
23. Noar JH, Shell N, Hunt NP. The performance of bonded magnets used in the treatment of anterior open bite. Am J orthod dentofacial orthop 1996;109:549-557.
24. Muller M. The use of magnets in orthodontics: an alternative means to produce tooth movement. Eur J Orthod 1984;6:247-253.
25. Gianelly AA, Vaitas AS, Thomas WM, Berger DG. Distalisation of molars with repelling magnets. J Cli Orthod 1988; 22:41-44.
26. Bondemark L, Kurol J, Bernhold M. Repelling magnets versus superelastic nickel-titanium coils in simultaneous distal movement of first and second molars. Angle orthod 1994;64:189-198.
27. Chate RAC. The propellant unilateral magnetic appliance (PUMA): a new technique for hemifacialmicrosmia. Eur J orthod 1995;17:263-271
28. Moss JP, Linney AD, Goodwin P, Shaw IA. Three dimensional study of treatment with magnet and non-magnet twin blocks. Eur J orthod 1993;15:342
29. Kawata T et al. A new orthodontic force system of magnetic brackets. Am J orthod dentofacial orthop 1987; 92:241-248.
30. Darendelilier MA, Joho JP. Class II bimaxillary protrusion treated with magnetic forces. J Clin orthod 1992; 26:361-368.
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Published
2018-01-08
How to Cite
Patel, D. C., S, D. D., & Pandya, D. (2018). Magnets in Orthodontics: An Overview: Magnets in Orthodontics: An Overview. National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 6(1), 101–105. https://doi.org/10.70284/njirm.v6i1.865
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Review Article
