Evaluation Of Prevalence And Clinical Profile Of Patients Of Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Background: The metabolic syndrome is a highly prevalent condition among the patients with detrimental impact on short-term outcome. Early diagnosis, treatment including lifestyle modification and prevention of the metabolic syndrome may reduce the development of cardiovascular diseases like myocardial infarction including its complications. So, in this study we tried to find out prevalence of metabolic syndrome and study clinical profile, analyze biochemical parameters and study risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. Material And Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of medicine of tertiary care teaching hospital, Ahmedabad, India. Between August 2017 to August 2019. A total of 280 patients were selected randomly who visited the medical OPD. Diagnosis of Metabolic syndrome is based on: NCEP-ATP III 2001 (National cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III). A detailed medical history of the patient including symptomatology, details of past illness, occupation, habits (smoking and alcohol) was obtained. A complete physical examination and systemic examination was performed. Results were expressed as mean± SD for continuous data and were compared by chi square test between two groups. Result: Out of the 280 cases, metabolic syndrome was present in 184 cases with incidence of 65.72%. 30% of males and 70% of females had metabolic syndrome. Mean age of metabolic syndrome in was 58 (57.84+11.35) years with age of patients ranged from 20 to 85 years with maximum number of cases were in the 51-60 years age group (33.2%). The most common mode of presentation in metabolic syndrome group was chest pain 45 (24.5%), followed by headache, 41 (22.3%), gabharaman, 29 (15.8%), fatigability, 29 (15.8%), and giddiness, 28 (15.2%).31.5%, 22.3% and 22.8% of metabolic syndrome patients had past history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and IHD respectively. In patients with metabolic syndrome, mean values of fasting blood glucose, serum triglyceride level, systolic blood pressure were 155.19mg/dl, 179.16mg/dl, 143.43 mm of Hg respectively. In patients with metabolic syndrome mean values of hdl level were 31.29mg/dl and 39.29mg/dl in male and females respectively. The most common biochemical abnormality was found to be increased triglyceride levels followed by increased fasting blood sugar. Conclusion: Early diagnosis, treatment including lifestyle modification and prevention of the metabolic syndrome may reduce the development of cardiovascular diseases like myocardial infarction including its complications. So, cardiovascular disease patients with metabolic syndrome must be identified and managed aggressively to reduce both morbidity and mortality. In this study, metabolic syndrome was more common amongst women who can be particularly attributed to high BMI, low HDL and increased waist circumference. [Suthar H Natl J Integr Res Med, 2021; 12(6): 40-47]