Study Of Early Postoperative Complications After Thyroidectomy

Abstract

Background: Thyroidectomy is an operation that involves the surgical removal of all or part of thyroid gland .Having proper knowledge about the anatomy of neck structures during thyroidectomy is very important as any damage to any structure can lead to dreadful consequences in early postoperative period. A surgeon should be aware about the postoperative complication after thyroidectomy and its management. Aims And Objectives: 1) To study age wise incidence of different thyroid pathologies. 2) To study the type of thyroidectomy preferred for different thyroid pathologies. 3) To study early postoperative complication after thyroid surgery in relation to type of thyroidectomy, and thyroid disorder,4)To study prevention and management of early complications after thyroidectomy. Material And Methods: This study is a retrospective study conducted on 47 patients who underwent thyroidectomy between June 2017- January 2019 in General Surgery and ENT Department of S.V.P. Hospital Ahmedabad. A detailed history was taken from all the patients. Result: In this study the various postoperative complications following thyroid surgeries which occurred in 47 patients who underwent thyroidectomy in the Department Of General Surgery and ENT at S.V.P. Hospital Ahmedabad were analyzed. Patients between 11 to 70 years were included in this study. 47 patients underwent thyroidectomy 25 hemithyroidectomy, 22 total thyroidectomy. Benign pathologies include – colloid goiter, solitary nodule, multinodular goiter. Malignant pathologies include – Papillary Carcinoma, Follicular Carcinoma, Hurthle Cell Carcinoma, Lymphoma. The only three complications noted in these 47 patients were Hypocalcemia In 6 Patients, Laryngeal Nerve Palsy In 2 Patients, Traumatic Vocal Cord Paresis in 1 patient. No case of permanent Bilateral Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis occurred in this study. Other complications like wound infection, wound hematoma and hemorrhage were not noticed in our study. Conclusion: This study was conducted to study the outcome of thyroid surgeries. It can be concluded that incidence of complication was not related to age of the patient, Complication rate depends on the experience of the surgeon, type of thyroidectomy, and thyroid pathology. Good understanding of thyroid gland anatomy, improved techniques in hemostasis, RLN dissection, preservation of parathyroid glands and postoperative monitoring are the best way to prevent complications. Appropriate postoperative care with early identification of complications and prompt institution of corrective treatment plays an important role in reducing the duration of postoperative hospital stay and limiting patient morbidity. [Rabari M Natl J Integr Res Med, 2020; 11(3):44-48]