Seroprevalence of HIV, Hbsag, HCV and Syphilis in Blood Donors At Tertiary Care Center, Ahmadabad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70284/njirm.v9i2.2350Keywords:
HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis, Transfusion Transmitted Infections.Abstract
Background & objectives: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV) and syphilis infections pose a great threat to blood safety. This study was done to investigate the seroprevalence of markers for transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) among blood donors at Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute (GCRI) over a period of three years. Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted from January 2012-December 2014 at GCRI, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. A strict donor selection criterion was employed during collection of blood, and each unit was screened for TTI using commercially available 4th generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for HIV, 3rd generation ELISA kits for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and antiHepatitis C virus antibody (HCV). Screening for syphilis was performed by Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test. All seropositive samples were repeat tested before discarding. Results: The data of 44017 donors [43094(97.9%) males and (2.10%) females] were analyzed. Replacement donations [26,214(59.55%)] represented the majority whereas, only (40.5%) donations were from the voluntary donors. Reactivity risk was near to double in male donors as compared to female donors. A total of 44,017 donations were received, of which 40.5 % were voluntary donors and (59.5 %) were replacement donors. Interpretation & conclusion: Every blood transfusion has a risk of TTI. Hepatitis B having the highest risk. This risk can be reduced by improving donor selection criteria, increased vigilance, use of sensitive tests in screening of blood, and by making mandatory testing of all donated blood for certain infectious diseases. [D Patel, Natl J Integr Res Med, 2018; 9(2):72-75]
Background & objectives: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV) and syphilis infections pose a great threat to blood safety. This study was done to investigate the seroprevalence of markers for transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) among blood donors at Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute (GCRI) over a period of three years. Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted from January 2012-December 2014 at GCRI, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. A strict donor selection criterion was employed during collection of blood, and each unit was screened for TTI using commercially available 4th generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for HIV, 3rd generation ELISA kits for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and antiHepatitis C virus antibody (HCV). Screening for syphilis was performed by Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test. All seropositive samples were repeat tested before discarding. Results: The data of 44017 donors [43094(97.9%) males and (2.10%) females] were analyzed. Replacement donations [26,214(59.55%)] represented the majority whereas, only (40.5%) donations were from the voluntary donors. Reactivity risk was near to double in male donors as compared to female donors. A total of 44,017 donations were received, of which 40.5 % were voluntary donors and (59.5 %) were replacement donors. Interpretation & conclusion: Every blood transfusion has a risk of TTI. Hepatitis B having the highest risk. This risk can be reduced by improving donor selection criteria, increased vigilance, use of sensitive tests in screening of blood, and by making mandatory testing of all donated blood for certain infectious diseases. [D Patel, Natl J Integr Res Med, 2018; 9(2):72-75]
References
2. Srikrishna A, Sitalakshmi S, Damodar P. How safe are our safe donors? Indian J. Pathol Microbiol. 1999: 42; 411-6.
3. Government of India .Drugs and Cosmetics rules, 1945 (amended till 30THJune2005)availablehttp://www.cdsco.nic.in/html/Drugs&cosmet icsAct.pdf.
4. “National Blood Policy†produced & published by NACO (National AIDS Control Organization), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi. June 2003 (reprint 2007).
5. Bihl F, Castelli D, Marincola F, Dodd RY, Brander C. Transfusion-transmitted infections. J Transl Med. 2007;5:25.
6. Chiavetta JA, Maki E, Gula CA, Newman A. Estimated risk of transfusion transmitted infection in the Canadian blood supply (1987-1996) Vox Sang. 2000;78(Suppl 1):360.
7. Pahuja S, Sharma M, Baitha B, Jain M. Prevalence and trends of markers of hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus in Delhi blood donors.a hospital based study. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2007;60:389–91.
8. Arora D, Arora B, Khetarpal A. Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis in blood donors in Southern Haryana. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2010;53:308–9.
9. Chandra T, Kumar A, Gupta A. Prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections in blood donors: an Indian experience. Trop Doct. 2009;39:152–4.
10. Bhattacharya P, Chandra PK, Datta S, Banerjee A, Chakraborty S, Rajendran K, et al. Significant increase in HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis infections among blood donors in West Bengal, Eastern India 2004-2005: exploratory screening reveals high frequency of occult HBV infection. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:3730–3.
11. Giri PA, Deshpande JD, Phalke DB, Karle LB. Seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among voluntary blood donors at a tertiary care teaching hospital in rural area of India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2012;1:48–51.
12. Patel PA, Patel SA, Oza HV. Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs) in Blood Donors at Western Ahmedabad-A Secondary Care Hospital Based Study. Int J Biol Med Res.2012; 3(2):1806-1810
13. Dhruva GA, Agravat AH, Pujara KM. Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis in Blood Donors in Saurashtra Region of Gujarat: Declining Trends Over a Period of 31/2 Years. Online J Health Allied Scs. 2012;11(1):5.
14. Patel SV, Popat CN, Mazumdar VS, Shah MB, Shringarpure K, Mehta KG, et al. Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis in blood donors at a tertiary hospital (Blood Bank) in Vadodara. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2013; 2:747-750.
15. Mehta D, Vachhani JH, Desai NJ. Seroprevalence of Hiv, Hbv, Hcv andSyphilis in Blood Donors. Indian J of research 2013; 2(2)
