Morphometric Study Of Infraorbital Foramen In Dry Human Skulls
Morphometric Study Of Infraorbital Foramen In Dry Human Skulls
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70284/njirm.v4i3.2178Keywords:
Infraorbital foramen, Infraorbital margin , Piriform aperture ,Alveolar marginAbstract
Background & Objectives:To study the most precise location, shape and direction of infraorbital foramen in dry human skulls, in relation to Infraorbital Margin, Piriform Aperture(PA) and Upper Alveolar Margin(AM). Method: A total of one hundred dry human skulls of unknown gender were measured using digital calliper with Infraorbital Margin, Piriform Margin and Alveolar Margin as reference points. The location, shape, size, direction and number of accessory foramina were observed. Results: The mean distance between the Infraorbital Margin(IOM) and Infraorbital foramen(IOF) was 7.82mm. There was a statically significant difference on right and left sides. The mean distance between the IOF and the piriform aperture(PA) was 16.01mm. The overall vertical diameter of the IOF was 3.23±0.98mm (right) and 3.25±1.03mm (left ). The overall horizontal diameter of IOF was 3±0.76mm(right) and 3.28±0.99mm ( left).The majority of IOF were directed inferiomedially on both the right (51%) and left (50%) side. There was a superiomedially directed IOF in 1% of skulls, which was not mentioned in the previous literatures. Accessory foramina were found in 20% skulls. Interpretation & Conclusion: Infraorbital foramen is located close to important anatomical structures like orbit, nose, oromaxillary sinuses and upper teeth. The knowledge of anatomical characteristics of the location ,dimension, shapes, directions and number of accessory foramina have clinical implications in the infraorbital nerve block. This information should be kept in mind during local anaesthetic planning for surgeries in the field of Dentistry, ENT, Anaesthesia, Ophthalmology and Surgery.
References
2. Bosenberg AT, Kimble FW. Infraorbital nerve block in neonates for cleft lip repair: anatomical study and clinical application. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1995;74: 506-508.
3. Byrne M Karen, Raghvendra Meda, Infraorbital nerve block: Medscape reference. Updated May 19,2010
4. Singh Rajani, Morphometric analysis of Infraorbital foramen in Indian dry skulls .Ana Cell Biol, march 2011, 44(1):79-83.www.acbjournal.org
5. Macedo VC, Cabrini RR, Faig-Leite H, Infraorbital foramen location in dry human skulls. Braz J Morphol Sci 2009; 26:35-8.6. Aziz SR, Marchena JM, Puran A. Anatomic characteristics of the infraorbital foramen: a cadaver study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000; 58:992-6.
7. Apinhasmit W, Chompoopong S, Methathrathip D, Sansuk R, Phetphunphipat W. Supraorbital notch/foramen, Infraorbital foramen and mental foramen in Thais: anthropometric measurements and surgical relevance. J Med Assoc Thai. 2006; 89: 675 – 82.
8. Boopathi S, Chakravarthy Marx S, Dhalapathy S, Anupa S. Anthropometric analysis of the Infraorbital foramen in a South Indian population. Singapore med J. 2010; 51(9): 730
9. Dr. Sarala Devi. K.V, Dr. Udhaya. K, Dr. Deepti Shastri: Infraorbital Foramen in South Indian Population: Anthropometric Measurements and Their Clinical Relevance,International jour of basic medical sciences Sept 2011,Vol 2,issue 4,ISSN-0976-3554.
10. Ilayperuma I, Nanayakkara G, Palahepitiya N. Morphometric analysis of the infraorbital foramen in Sri Lankan skulls.Int.J.Morphol 2010,28(3):777-782.
11. Cutright B, Quillopa N, Schubert W. An anthropometric analysis of the key foramina for maxillofacial surgery, J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Mar 2003; 61(3):354-7.
12. Elias MG, Silva RB, Pimental ML. Morphometric analysis of the Infraorbital foramen and accessories foraminas in Brasillian skulls. Int J Morphol. 2004; 22: 273 – 8.
13. Agthong S, Huanmanop T, Chentanez V. Anatomical variations of the supraorbital, infraorbital and mental foramina related to gender and side. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;63:800-4
14. Hindy AM, Abdel-Raouf F. A study of infraorbital foramen, canal and nerve in adult Egyptians. Egypt Dent J. 1993;39:573–580.
15. Gupta T. Localization of important facial foramina encountered in maxillo-facial surgery : Clin Anat. Oct 2008; 21(7):633-40.
16. Hwang K, Han JY, Battuvshin D, Kim DJ, Chung IH. Communication of infraorbital nerve and facial nerve: anatomic and histologic study. J Craniofac Surg 2004; 15:88-91.
17. Jose Inacio Saadi Salomao, Jose Antonio Saadi Salomao, New anatomic intraoral reference for the anaesthetic blocking of the anterior and middle maxillary alveolar nerves ( Infraorbital Block) Braz Dent J (1990) 1(1): 31-36 ISSN 0103-6440
18. Canan S, Asim OM, Okan B, Ozek C, Alper M. Anatomic variations of the infraorbital foramen. Ann Plast Surg. 1999;43:613–617.
19. Song WC, Kim SH, Paik DJ et al. Location of the infraorbital and mental foramen with reference to the soft-tissue landmarks. Plast Reconstr Surg. Oct 2007:120(5):1343-7.
20. Esper RS, Yara J, Yamamura Y, Cricenti SV. Relacoes anatomicas do ponto de acupuntura E-2 (Sibai) localizado no forame infra-orbital. Rev Paul Acupunt 1998;4:19-21
21. Zide BM., Swift R. How to block and tackle the face. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998; 101:840 – 51.
22. Dr.Trivedi D. J, Dr. Shrimankar P. S., Dr.Kariya V.B et al, A study of supraorbital notches and foramina in Gujarati human skulls. National Jour of Int Research in Med, July-Sept 2010; Vol. 1(3). ISSN: 0975-9840
23. Bressan C, Geuna S, Malerba G. Descriptive and topographic anatomy of the accessory infra orbital foramen. Clinical implications in maxillary surgery. Minerva Stomatol. 2004; 53: 495 – 505.
