Methicillin, Vancomycin and Multidrug-Resistance Among Staphylococcus Aureus
Methicillin, Vancomycin and Multidrug-Resistance Among Staphylococcus Aureus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70284/njirm.v8i3.1250Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, VRSA, MDRSAAbstract
Introduction: The difficult therapeutic problem of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDRSA) is just one example of the diminishing efficacy of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bacterial infections. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Methicillin, Vancomycin and multidrug-resistance of Staphylococcus aureus. Methodology: The study included 312 non-duplicate Staphylococcus aureus which were isolated from various clinical specimens. The isolates were tested for Methicillin resistance by Oxacillin disc diffusion, Cefoxitin disc diffusion and Oxacillin screen agar. They were also tested for vancomycin resistance by Vancomycin screen agar, agar dilution technique and E strip technique. The antibiogram was determined by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion Method. Results: Oxacillin screen agar technique was found to be more sensitive than Oxacillin disc diffusion method for detection of MRSA. Prevalence of MRSA in our study was found to be 36.54 %. All MRSA isolates were found to have increased resistance to all antibiotics as compared to MSSA isolates. No VISA and VRSA were found by any of the three methods. Prevalence of MDRSA in our set up was found to be 51.28%. Conclusion- In the Hospitals where resources are constrained, Cefoxitin disc diffusion method and Vancomycin screen agar can be used as screening of MRSA and VRSA strains respectively. [Kulkarni VL NJIRM 2017; 8(3):68-74]
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35. Neyra RC, Frisancho JA, Rinsky JL, Resnick C, Carroll KC, Rule AM, et al. Multidrug-Resistant and Methicillin-Resistant. Environ Health Perspect 2014;122(5):471–7.
36. Rinsky JL, Nadimpalli M, Wing S, Hall D, Baron D, Price LB, et al. Livestock-associated methicillin and multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus is present among industrial, not antibiotic-free livestock operation workers in North Carolina. PLoS One 2013;8(7):e67641.
3. Pujol M, Pena C, Pallares R, Ariza J, Ayats J. Nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among nasal carriers of methicillin- resistant and methicillin susceptible strains. Am J Med 1996;100:509–16.
4. Majumdar D, Sarma Bardaloi J N, Phukan A. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among methicillin resistant Staphylococcal isolates in Assam. Ind J Med Microbiol 2001;19(3):138–40.
5. Rao MR, Ohri VC, Kher SK. Emergence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in command Hospital. Med J Armed Force India 1990;46:235–7.
6. Vidhani S, Mehendiratta P L. Study of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from High risk patients. Ind J Med Microbiol 2001;19(2):87–90.
7. Bhateja P, Mathur T, Pandya M, Fatma T, Rattan A. Detection of vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus : a comparative study of three different phenotypic screening methods. Indian J Med Microbiol 2005;23(1):52–5.
8. Edmond MB, Wenzel RP. Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Perspectives on measures needed for control. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:329–34.
9. Smith HL, Pearson ML, Wilcox KR, Cruz C. Emergence of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. N Engl J Med 1999;340(7):493–501.
10. Verma S, Joshi S, Chitnis V, Hemwani N. Growing problem of methicillin resistant staphylococci- Indian scenario. Ind J Med Sci 2000;54(12):535–40.
11. Simor AE. Containing methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus Surveillance control and treatment methods. Postgr Med 2001;110(4):43–8.
12. Tille PM. Baily & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology. 13th ed. St Louis, Missouri: Elsevier; 2014.
13. Ananthanarayan PC. Staphylococcus In: Textbook of Microbiology. 9th ed. Hyderabad: Universities Press; 2013.
14. Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ; Twenty-Second Informational Supplement. CLSI Document M100-S22, Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute, 950 West Valley Rd, Suite 2500, Wayne,. Wayne PA 19087 USA: 2012.
15. Washington CW, Stephan DA, William MJ, Elmer W K, Gary WP, editor. Detection of Vancomycin resistance in staphylococci. In: In : Koneman’s Color atlas of Diagnostic microbiology. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2006. page 945–1021.
16. Reddy PCM, Thati VB, Shivannavar CT. Vancomycin resistance among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Rayalaseema region Andhra Pradesh , South India. 2012;2(1):6–8.
17. Tandel K, Praharaj AK. Difference in Vancomycin MIC among MRSA isolates by agar dilution and E Test method. Indian J Med Microbiol 2012;30(4):453–5.
18. Dhanalakshmi TA, Umapathy BL, Mohan DR. Prevalence of Methicillin , Vancomycin and Multidrug Resistance among Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Diagnostic Res 2012;80:1–4.
19. Anand KB, Agrawal P, Kumar S, Kapila K. Comparison of cefoxitin disc diffusion test , oxacillin screen agar , and pcr for mecA gene for detection of mrsa. Indian J Med Micro 2009;27(1):27–9.
20. Velasco D, del Mar Tomas M, Cartelle M, Beceiro A, Perez A, Molina F. Evaluation of different methods for detecting methicillin (oxacillin)resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005;55(3):379–82.
21. Sasirekha B, Usha MS, Amruta AJ, Ankit S, Brinda N, Divya R. Evaluation and Comparison of Different Phenotypic Tests to Detect Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and their Biofilm Production. Int J Pharma Tech Res 2012, 4 2012;4(2):532–41.
22. Oberoi L, Kaur R. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital in North India. Int J Appl Biol Pharm Technol 2012;3(1):200–5.
23. Verma S, Joshi S, Chitnis V, Hemwani N. Growing problem of Methicillin resistant Staphylococci: Indian Scenario. Ind J Med Sci 2000;54:535–40.
24. Tahnkiwala SS, Roy S. Methicillin resistance among isolates of Staphylococcus aureus : antibiotic sensitivity pattern and phage typing. Ind J Med Sci 2002;56:330–4.
25. Anupurba S, Sen MR, Nath G, Sharma BM, Gulati AK. Prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary referral hospital in Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Ind J Med Microbiol 2003;211(1):49–51.
26. Anvikar AR, Deshmukh AB, Karyakarte RP, Damle AS, Patwardhan NS. A one year prospective study of 3280 surgical wounds. Ind J Med Microbiol 1999;17(3):129–32.
27. Kakru D K, Assadullah S, Thokar M A. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Need for constant surveillance, stringent control and vigorous treatment measures. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2003;46(1):121–3.
28. Tiwari H K. Vancoycin resistance. BMC Infect J 2006;6:156.
29. Hanaki H, Hososaka Y, Yanagisawa C, Otsuka Y, Nagasawa Z. Occurence of Vancomycin Intermediate Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2007;13(2):121–3.
30. Ahmadishoar S, Nahaei M. Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens against vancomycin by using E test in Tabriz. Med J Tabriz Un 2008;30(2).
31. Kishore S, Siddique M E, Mahmood S E, Verma D. Levels of Vancomycin Susceptibility Amongst Isolated Staphylococcus aureus Strains in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Microbiol Res 2012;4(5):223–6.
32. Walsh TR, Bolmström A, Qwärnström A, Phion H, Wootton M, Howe RA, et al. Evaluation of Current
Methods for Detection of Staphylococci with Reduced Susceptibility to Glycopeptides Evaluation of Current Methods for Detection of Staphylococci with Reduced Susceptibility to Glycopeptides. 2001;
33. Magiorakos A, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug- resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria : an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011;18:268–81.
34. Onanuga, A, Oyi AR, Olayinka BO, Onaolopo JA. Prevalence of community - associated multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among healthy women in Abuja , Nigeria. African J Biotechnol 2005;4(September):942–5.
35. Neyra RC, Frisancho JA, Rinsky JL, Resnick C, Carroll KC, Rule AM, et al. Multidrug-Resistant and Methicillin-Resistant. Environ Health Perspect 2014;122(5):471–7.
36. Rinsky JL, Nadimpalli M, Wing S, Hall D, Baron D, Price LB, et al. Livestock-associated methicillin and multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus is present among industrial, not antibiotic-free livestock operation workers in North Carolina. PLoS One 2013;8(7):e67641.
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Published
2018-02-04
How to Cite
VL, K., DM, K., SL, N., & SR, M. (2018). Methicillin, Vancomycin and Multidrug-Resistance Among Staphylococcus Aureus: Methicillin, Vancomycin and Multidrug-Resistance Among Staphylococcus Aureus. National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 8(3), 68–74. https://doi.org/10.70284/njirm.v8i3.1250
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