Evolution Of Classification Of Bladder (Urothelial) Cancer
Bladder Cancer Classification
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70284/njirm.v6i6.1027Keywords:
Urothelial cancer, classificationAbstract
The classification of bladder tumors has undergone a change over the years but still has not achieved success in predicting the behavior. The correct cellular classification of a tumor helps initiate appropriate treatment. Recently functional, genomic and proteomic data have been of help in aiding prognosis and modifying the treatment in many cancers. However, this data is not routinely integrated into the classification, and treatment protocols in bladder carcinoma hinge on grade and depth of invasion. An in depth understanding of the implication of grade, stage, molecular features on survival is necessary to understand the behavior of the tumor. The classification of Urothelial cancer has undergone a lot of change in terminology over the past century but we have still not identified markers (both morphologic and molecular) for preventing recurrences. It is believed that the treatment protocols should be based on a combination of these and we still have to conduct large-scale follow-up studies to identify these parameters. We present here the changes in bladder cancer classifications over the past century and the implications thereof in this review. [Agrawal U NJIRM 2015; 6(6):89-94]
References
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11. Mostofi FK, Sobin LH, Torloni H. Histological Typing of Urinary Bladder Tumors. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1973.
12. Mostofi FK. Standardization of nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis of epithelial tumours of urinaty bladder. Acta Unio Int. Contra Cancer, 1960; 16: 3 10-14
13. Bergkvist A, Ljungkvist A, Moberger G. Classification of bladder tumors based on the cellular pattern. Preliminary report of a clinical-pathological study of 300 cases with a minimum follow-up of eight years. Acta Chir Scand 1965; 130:371-378.
14. Amin MB. Urothelial dysplasia. In: Eble JN, Sauter G, Epstein J, Sesterhenn I, editors, World Health Organization Classification of Tumors. Pathology and Genetic Tumors of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs, IARC Press, Lyon, 2004; pp 111-112.
15. Montironi R, Mazzucchelli R, Scarpelli M, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L. Morphological diagnosis of urothelial neoplasms J Clin Pathol 2008; 61:3-10.
16. Tuna B, Yorukoglu K, Düzcan E, Sen S, Nese N, Sarsık B, et al. Histologic grading of urothelial papillary neoplasms: impact of combined grading (two-numbered grading system) on reproducibility. Virchows Arch 2011; 458: 659-664.
17. Soloway M & Khoury S, Editors, Bladder Cancer, 2nd Edition International consultation on Urological Diseases (ICUD) 2012.
18. Shim, J.-W., Cho, K. S., Choi, Y.-D., Park, Y.-W., Lee, D.-W., Han, W.-S., … Cho, N. H. Diagnostic algorithm for papillary urothelial tumors in the urinary bladder. Virchows Archiv 2008; 452(4): 353–362.
19. Sjödahl G1, Lövgren K, Lauss M, Patschan O, Gudjonsson S, Chebil G, et al. Toward a molecular pathologic classification of urothelial carcinoma. Am J Pathol. 2013; 183(3):681-91.
20. Sacristan R, Gonzalez C, Fernández-Gómez JM, Fresno F, Escaf S, Sánchez-Carbayo M.. Molecular Classification of Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (pTa Low-Grade, pT1 Low-Grade, and pT1 High-Grade Subgroups) Using Methylation of Tumor-Suppressor Genes. The J of Mol Diagnostics 2014; 16(5):564–572.
21. Choi W, Porten S, Kim S, Willis D, Plimack ER, Hoffman-Censits J, et al. Identification of Distinct Basal and Luminal Subtypes of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer with Different Sensitivities to Frontline Chemotherapy. Cancer cell 2014; 25(2):152–165.
22. Galon J, Pagès F, Marincola FM, Angell HK, Thurin M, Lugli A, et al. Cancer classification using the Immunoscore: a worldwide task force. Journal of Transl Med 2012; 10:205.
23. Ayari C, LaRue H, Hovington H, Decobert M, Harel F, Bergeron A, et al. Bladder tumor infiltrating mature dendritic cells and macrophages as predictors of response to bacillusCalmette-Guérin immunotherapy. Eur Urol. 2009 Jun;55(6):1386-95.
24. Sjödahl G1, Lövgren K1, Lauss M1, Chebil G1, Patschan O2, Gudjonsson S2, et al. Infiltration of CD3⺠and CD68⺠cells in bladder cancer is subtype specific and affects the outcome of patients with muscle-invasive tumors. Urol Oncol. 2014 Aug;32(6):791-7.
25. Amin MB, Trpkov K, Lopez-Beltran A, Grignon D. Members of the ISUP Immunohistochemistry in Diagnostic Urologic Pathology Group. Best practices recommendations in the application of immunohistochemistry in the bladder lesions: report from the International Society of Urologic Pathology consensus conference. Am J Surg Pathol. 2014; 38(8):e20-34.
26. McDougal WS, Shipley WU, Kaufman DS, Dahl DM, Michaelson MD, Zietman AL. Cancer of the bladder, ureter and renal pelvis. In: DeVita, Hellman and Rosenberg, editors, Cancer, Principles and practice of Oncology, 9th edition, Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011, pp 1192-1211.
2. Broders AC. Epithelioma of genito-urinary organs. Ann Surg 1922; 75:574.
3. Ash JE. Epithelial tumors of the bladder. J. Urol 1940; 44:135-45.
4. Dukes CE, Masina F. Classification of epithelial tumors of the bladder. Br J Urol 1949; 21:273-295.
5. Dukes CE. The Classification of Tumors of the Bladder: Histological Grading. Institute of Urology (University of London) Broadsheet No. 1, 1955.
6. Wallace DM. The natural history and possible cause of bladder tumors. Ann R Coll Surg Engl.1956; 18(6):366–383.
7. Pugh RCB. The pathology of cancer of the bladder, an editorial overview. Cancer 1973; 32:1267-1274.
8. Anderson JR, Moore IAR, Urinary System. In: JR Anderson, editor, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 11th Edition, ELBS, 1980
9. Jewett, HJ., Strong, GH. Infiltrating carcinoma of the bladder; relation of depth of penetration of the bladder wall to incidence of local extension and metastases. Journal of Urology 1946; 55, 366-72.
10. Marshal, VF. Symposium on Bladder Tumours: Current Clinical Problems Regarding Bladder Tumours. Cancer 1956; 9, 543-50.
11. Mostofi FK, Sobin LH, Torloni H. Histological Typing of Urinary Bladder Tumors. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1973.
12. Mostofi FK. Standardization of nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis of epithelial tumours of urinaty bladder. Acta Unio Int. Contra Cancer, 1960; 16: 3 10-14
13. Bergkvist A, Ljungkvist A, Moberger G. Classification of bladder tumors based on the cellular pattern. Preliminary report of a clinical-pathological study of 300 cases with a minimum follow-up of eight years. Acta Chir Scand 1965; 130:371-378.
14. Amin MB. Urothelial dysplasia. In: Eble JN, Sauter G, Epstein J, Sesterhenn I, editors, World Health Organization Classification of Tumors. Pathology and Genetic Tumors of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs, IARC Press, Lyon, 2004; pp 111-112.
15. Montironi R, Mazzucchelli R, Scarpelli M, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L. Morphological diagnosis of urothelial neoplasms J Clin Pathol 2008; 61:3-10.
16. Tuna B, Yorukoglu K, Düzcan E, Sen S, Nese N, Sarsık B, et al. Histologic grading of urothelial papillary neoplasms: impact of combined grading (two-numbered grading system) on reproducibility. Virchows Arch 2011; 458: 659-664.
17. Soloway M & Khoury S, Editors, Bladder Cancer, 2nd Edition International consultation on Urological Diseases (ICUD) 2012.
18. Shim, J.-W., Cho, K. S., Choi, Y.-D., Park, Y.-W., Lee, D.-W., Han, W.-S., … Cho, N. H. Diagnostic algorithm for papillary urothelial tumors in the urinary bladder. Virchows Archiv 2008; 452(4): 353–362.
19. Sjödahl G1, Lövgren K, Lauss M, Patschan O, Gudjonsson S, Chebil G, et al. Toward a molecular pathologic classification of urothelial carcinoma. Am J Pathol. 2013; 183(3):681-91.
20. Sacristan R, Gonzalez C, Fernández-Gómez JM, Fresno F, Escaf S, Sánchez-Carbayo M.. Molecular Classification of Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (pTa Low-Grade, pT1 Low-Grade, and pT1 High-Grade Subgroups) Using Methylation of Tumor-Suppressor Genes. The J of Mol Diagnostics 2014; 16(5):564–572.
21. Choi W, Porten S, Kim S, Willis D, Plimack ER, Hoffman-Censits J, et al. Identification of Distinct Basal and Luminal Subtypes of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer with Different Sensitivities to Frontline Chemotherapy. Cancer cell 2014; 25(2):152–165.
22. Galon J, Pagès F, Marincola FM, Angell HK, Thurin M, Lugli A, et al. Cancer classification using the Immunoscore: a worldwide task force. Journal of Transl Med 2012; 10:205.
23. Ayari C, LaRue H, Hovington H, Decobert M, Harel F, Bergeron A, et al. Bladder tumor infiltrating mature dendritic cells and macrophages as predictors of response to bacillusCalmette-Guérin immunotherapy. Eur Urol. 2009 Jun;55(6):1386-95.
24. Sjödahl G1, Lövgren K1, Lauss M1, Chebil G1, Patschan O2, Gudjonsson S2, et al. Infiltration of CD3⺠and CD68⺠cells in bladder cancer is subtype specific and affects the outcome of patients with muscle-invasive tumors. Urol Oncol. 2014 Aug;32(6):791-7.
25. Amin MB, Trpkov K, Lopez-Beltran A, Grignon D. Members of the ISUP Immunohistochemistry in Diagnostic Urologic Pathology Group. Best practices recommendations in the application of immunohistochemistry in the bladder lesions: report from the International Society of Urologic Pathology consensus conference. Am J Surg Pathol. 2014; 38(8):e20-34.
26. McDougal WS, Shipley WU, Kaufman DS, Dahl DM, Michaelson MD, Zietman AL. Cancer of the bladder, ureter and renal pelvis. In: DeVita, Hellman and Rosenberg, editors, Cancer, Principles and practice of Oncology, 9th edition, Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011, pp 1192-1211.
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Published
2018-01-15
How to Cite
Kumari, N., Dubey, U. S., & Agrawal, U. (2018). Evolution Of Classification Of Bladder (Urothelial) Cancer: Bladder Cancer Classification. National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 6(6), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.70284/njirm.v6i6.1027
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Review Article
