A Cross-Sectional Study on Depression, Anxiety and Perceived Stress Among In-School Adolescents in Indore city, Madhya Pradesh

Abstract

Background
Adolescence involves changes that heighten vulnerability to mental health disorders. This study assessed the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress among in-school adolescents in Indore city.
Methodology
This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to June 2021 among 130 students from classes 11th and 12th. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, which included the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and questions on psychosocial factors. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Version 26.0. Qualitative variables were described using frequency and percentage. Inferential analysis was conducted using the chi-square. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.
Results
The mean age of the participants was 18.05 (±0.50) years. Most participants were from the 11th class, and the vast majority resided in urban areas. The study found that 40% of participants experienced depression, 44.6% anxiety, and 48.5% stress. Higher rates of these conditions were observed among older students and those in higher classes. Females reported significantly higher levels of anxiety and stress compared to males. Depression was significantly associated with family conflicts, perceived financial difficulties, parental alcohol consumption, and experiences of bullying. Elevated levels of stress were particularly evident among students who had experienced the loss of a parent.
Conclusions
The study revealed a high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among school-going adolescents. There is a need for mental health programs in schools that focus on psychological well-being, especially for female students and those facing adverse social circumstances.