Association between social support and perceived stress among pregnant women: a cross-sectional investigation

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy constitutes a period of increased emotional and psychological demands, during which women may experience varying levels of stress that can affect maternal and fetal outcomes. Social support plays an important role in enhancing coping and promoting maternal well-being; however, evidence from local healthcare settings remains limited. This study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and perceived stress (PS) among pregnant women in Malappuram district, Kerala.
Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics between March and June 2025. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire incorporating MSPSS and PSS scales and analysed using SPSS version 26. Associations were assessed using chi-square test and binary logistic regression, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: Of the participants, 48% reported moderate perceived social support, while 62% had moderate stress levels. A statistically significant association was observed between perceived social support and perceived stress (?² = 24.52, p < 0.001). Higher PSS was significantly associated with occasional social interactions (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.29–7.52) and presence of a caregiver (OR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.21–5.32). Higher PS was significantly associated with support from family members (OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.10–5.25) and friends/others (OR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.02–8.01), as well as rare social interactions (OR = 3.85; 95% CI: 1.45–10.19).
Conclusion: PSS was significantly associated with PS among pregnant women. Incorporating routine psychosocial assessment and strengthening partner and family support within antenatal care services may help reduce stress and improve maternal well-being.