Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhoea and pattern of self-medication practices among nursing students in a rural hilly area: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Primary dysmenorrhoea is a common gynaecological problem among young women, often affecting daily functioning and academic performance. Data on its prevalence and management practices in rural hilly settings remain limited.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and severity of primary dysmenorrhoea among nursing students and to assess their self-medication practices.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 224 nursing students in a rural hilly area. Data were collected using a pre-validated, self-administered questionnaire that captured sociodemographic details, severity of dysmenorrhoea using the WaLIDD scoring system, and self-medication or other management practices. Descriptive statistics including percentage, mean, standard deviation and Chi Square test were used for analysis.
Results: The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhoea was 83.9% (188), with a considerable proportion experiencing severe pain (WaLIDD score ?8). The lower abdomen (80.4%) and lower back (78.6%) were the most common pain sites. Many students (128 or 68.1%) preferred non-pharmacological remedies such as rest, hot water application, and herbal drinks. However, 73.3% reported self-medicating, primarily with over-the-counter NSAIDs (mefenamic acid or others), often without professional consultation.
Conclusion: Primary dysmenorrhoea is highly prevalent among nursing students in rural hilly settings. The widespread use of self-medication and reliance on traditional remedies point to the need for menstrual health education and improved healthcare access. Implementing evidence-based management strategies and enhancing awareness could reduce the burden and promote safe practices, ultimately improving the well-being of young women in underserved regions.