Predictors and trends of macrovascular chronic complications among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in Wachemo University Specialized Hospital, Hosanna, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background

Type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has rapidly become a significant global health

problem. Patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus are more susceptible to different

forms of short- and long-term complications. The magnitude of chronic

complications increases within a population as a result of increasing diabetes cases

and is a particular risk in individuals who practice poor self-management. This study

aims to assess risk factors, trends and overall chronic complications among type-2

DM patients in Wachemo University Specialized Hospital in Hosanna, Ethiopia.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was used to review type-2 DM patient records from 2015 to 2019 for

chronic complications. Records that fulfill inclusion criteria were extracted using a checklist. Data collectors

were recruited, data were entered in EpiData and then transported to SPSS software to conduct all analyses.

Results

The majority of the patients (62%) were male, from the Hadiya ethnic group (80.1%) and Protestant Christian

by religion (50.9%). The median age of the participants was 45 and 29.9% had a known family history of type-2

1. Moreover, 13.4% of patients had known co-morbidities. The overall rate of chronic complications from such

co-morbidities was 35.5%. Family history of DM (AOR=1.8(CI=1.113–2.814)), co-morbidity (AOR=4.7(CI=2.657–

8.31)) and age at diagnosis were strongly associated with chronic complications. Other variables, including

marital status, level of education and occupation were not associated with chronic complications in this study.

Conclusion

Overall, the rate of chronic complication was high in this study. Generally, trends of chronic complications were

increasing throughout the study period. Hypertension was the leading chronic complication. Age of the patient,

family history of DM and presence of co-morbidities were significantly associated with chronic complications.