Seroprevalence of Sporadic Acute Viral Hepatitis With Their Co-Infection At Tertiary Care Hospital
Seroprevalence Of Sporadic Acute Viral Hepatitis
Keywords:
Hepatitis A virus (HAV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Hepatitis E virus (HEV), coinfectionAbstract
Background: Viral hepatitis is one of the major causes of mortality & morbidity in developing
countries. Present study was aimed to know the seroprevalence and co infection of the acute viral hepatitis
caused by hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and hepatitis E virus from patient attending one of the largest
tertiary care hospitals. Material and Methods: Study was carried out from May 2009 to June 2010 at our
hospital. A total of 556 serum samples were tested for HBsAg, antibody for HCV, IgM antibody of HAV and HEV
by ELISA method from the patients having clinical signs & symptoms of acute viral hepatitis. Statistical analysis:
Chi square test was done and the association was considered to be statistically significant if p < 0.05. Results:
Out of 556 suspected cases of acute hepatitis 281 were positive. Among the total positive cases, IgM anti HAV
antibodies was 70 (24.91%), IgM anti HEV antibodies was 141 (50.18 %), HBsAg was 65 (23.13%) and HCV was
5 (1.78 %). Dual infection was seen in 14 (4.98 %) cases with 6 children cases. Among the HAV positive
patients, 80% were children, In contrast to that HEV infection (63.1%) and HBsAg infection (61.5%) was
common in young adult. HCV infection was found common in adults more than 20 years of age. Overall male
was affected more than female. Conclusion: Sporadic HEV infection constitutes significant cause of the acute
viral hepatitis. In the light of this result a nationwide survey is recommended to confirm this pattern in the
other areas. As vaccine for HEV is not available, prevention in form of improvement of socio - economic and
hygienic standards of the population is the better option
References
control of viral hepatitis: a world health
organization perspective for the next
millennium. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 17:
452–29.
2. Wisnom C, Siegel MA. Advances in the diagnosis
and management of human viral hepatitis. Dent
Clin North Am 2003; 47: 431–47.
3. Dienstag JL, Isselbacher KJ. Acute viral hepatitis,
Chap 285. In : Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fanci AS
et al (eds.) Harrison’s Principles of Internal
Medicine, Volume II, 16th edn. : U.S.: Mc graw-
Hill companies; 2005 ; pp. 1822-38.
4. Kaur H, John M, Pawar G, Ninan J and Verma V.
Spectrum of acute viral hepatitis and its clinical
outcome-a study from Ludhiana, Punjab. Indian J
Med Sci 2003; 57:71-5.
5. Khuroo MS. Study of an epidemic of non-A, non-
B hepatitis. Possibility of another human
hepatitis virus distinct from post-transfusion
non-A, non-B type. Am J Med 1980; 68: 818-24.
6. Singh J, Prakash C, Panda R, Bora D, Jain DC and
Datta KK. Acute sporadic viral hepatitis in urban
population of a tribal district in Madhya Pradesh.
Indian Pediatr 1998; 35: 105-9.
7. Rahman Md T, Sultana R,
Chowdhury SR.
Seropositivity and pattern of viral hepatitis in
clinically suspected cases of hepatitis in Dhaka
city. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2007; 33:
103-6.
8. Shepard CW, Finelli L and Alter MJ. Global
epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection.
Lancet Infect Dis 2005; 5: 558–67.
9. Tandon BN, Gandhi BM, Joshi YK. Aetiological
spectrum of viral hepatitis and prevalence ofmarkers of hepatitis A and B virus infection in
North India. Bull WHO 1984; 62: 67-73.
10. Nanda SK, Yaleinkaya K, Panigrahi AK, Jameel S,
Panda SK. Etiological role of Hepatitis E virus in
sporadic fulminant hepatitis. J Med Virol 1994;
42: 133-7.
11. Nejdar S, Mitchell F, Biswas R. Simultaneous
amplification and detection of specific hepatitis
B virus and hepatitis C virus genomic sequences
in serum samples. J Med Virol 1994; 42: 212-6.
12. Tan D, Kit IMSW, Yao JL, Hon Ng M. Acute
sporadic hepatitis E virus infection in Southern
China. J Hepatol 1995; 23: 239-45.
13. Irshad M, Acharya SK, Joshi YK. Prevalence of
hepatitis C virus antibodies in the general
population and in selected groups of patients in
Delhi. Indian J Med Res 1995; 102: 162-4.
14. Singh J, Prakash C, Gupta RS, et al. Epidemiology
of endemic viral hepatitis in an urban area of
India: a retrospective community study in Alwar.
Bull WHO 1997; 75: 463-8.
15. Kar P, Budhiraja S, Narang A, et al. Comparative
evaluation of serology and polymerase chain
reaction for hepatitis C viral infection in liver
diseases. Ind J Gastroenterol 1997; 16: 118-9.
16. Ayoola A, Aderoju A, Gadour M E, Al-Hazmi M,
Hamza MK, Ene et al. Serological profile of
sporadic acute viral hepatitis in an area of hyperendemic
hepatitis B virus infection. Soudi J
Gastroenterol 2001; 7: 95-2.
17. Kaur R, Gur R, Berry N and Kar P. Etiology of
endemic viral hepatitis in urban North India.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2002;
33: 845-8.
18. Sarguna P, Rao A. and Sudha Ramana KN.
Outbreak of acute viral hepatitis due to hepatitis
E virus in Hyderabad. Indian J Med Microbiol
2007; 25: 378-82.
19. Bansal J, Junkun He, Patrice O et al. Hepatitis E
virus infection in Eastern India. Am. J. Trop. Med.
Hyg 1998; 59: 258-60.
20. Gp Capt Nanadi B, Maj Hadimani P, Col
Arunachalam R et al. Spectrum of Acute Viral
Hepatitis in Southern India. Medical Journal
Armed Forces India 2009; 65: 7-9
