TNF – α Polymorphism In Periodontitis: A Review
TNF – α Polymorphism In Periodontitis: A Review
Keywords:
TNF- α, polymorphism, allele, genotypeAbstract
A gene is the molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. A gene is said to be polymorphic if multiple allele occupies that gene’s locus within a given population. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pro-inflammatory adipokine involved in systemic inflammation and arouse acute phase reaction. Large amounts of TNF-α are released in response to lipopolysaccharides, other bacterial products, and Interleukin-1 (IL-1). TNF-α maps to chromosome 6p21.3, spans to about 3 kilobases and contains 4 exons. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the gene encoding TNF α are largely studied. Transcription activity and levels of TNF-α is dependent on the single nucleotide polymorphisms at the various intron and exon positions. This article sheds light on the many conditions associated with TNF-α polymorphism in relation to periodontitis and other systemic diseases in brief. [Jose K NJIRM 2015; 6(6):79-82]
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17. Sharma N., Joseph R., Arun R., Chandni R., Srinivas K. L., Banerjee M. Indian Journal of Dental Research 2014; 25 (3) : 375-80.
18. De Menezes, Natascha Giovannetti, Ana Paula Vieira. Brazilian Oral Research 2008; 22 (4) :322-7
19. Arias A.I, Giles B, Eiermann T.H, Sterry W, Pandey JP. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphism in psoriasis. Exp Clin Immunogenet. 1997;14(2):118-22.
20. K.E. Sullivan, C. Wooten, B.J. Schmeckpeper, D. Goldman, M.A. Petri, A promoter polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor alpha associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in African-Americans, Arthritis Rheum 1997 Dec;40(12):2207-11
21. Brinkman, B. M., Huizinga, T. W., Kurban S. S., Van der Velde, E. A., Schreuder, G.M., Hazes, J. M., Breedveld, F. C. &Verweij, C. L. Tumour necrosis factor alpha gene polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis: association with susceptibility to, or severity of, disease. British Journal of Rheumatology 1997;36: 516–21.
22. Vinasco, J., Beraun, Y., Nieto, A., Fraile, A.,Mataran, L., Pareja, E. & Martin, J. Polymorphism at the TNF loci in rheumatoid arthritis. Tissue Antigens 1997 ; 49: 74–78.
23. Van Krugten, M. V., Huizinga, T. W. J., Kaijzel, E. L., Zanelli, E. Drossaers ,Bakker K. W., Van de Linde, P., Hazes J.M.W., Zwinderman A. H., Breedveld F.C. & Verweij C. L. Association of the TNF ¹489 polymorphism with susceptibility and radiographic damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Genes and Immunity 1999;1: 91–96.
2. Kriegler M, Perez C, DeFay K, Albert I, Lu SD. A novel form of TNF/cachectin is a cell surface cytotoxic transmembrane protein: ramifications for the complex physiology of TNF. Cell 1988; 53 (1): 45–53.
3. Tang P, Klostergaard J . Human pro-tumor necrosis factor is a homotrimer .Biochemistry 1996; 35 (25): 8216–25.
4. Black RA, Rauch CT, Kozlosky CJ, Peschon JJ, Slack JL, Wolfson MF et al. A metalloproteinase disintegrin that releases tumour-necrosis factor-alpha from cells. Nature 1997 ; 385 (6618): 729–33.
5. Tang P, Klostergaard J . Human pro-tumor necrosis factor is a homotrimer .Biochemistry 1996; 35 (25): 8216–25.
6. Walsh LJ, Trinchieri G, Waldorf HA, Whitaker D, Murphy GF. Human dermal mast cells contain and release tumor necrosis factor alpha, which induces endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1991 ;88 (10): 4220–4.
7. Wajant H, Pfizenmaier K, Scheurich P. Tumor necrosis factor signaling. Cell Death Differ. 2003; 10 (1): 45–65 8. Chen G, Goeddel DV .TNF-R1 signaling: a beautiful pathway. Science 2002; 296(5573): 1634–5.
9. Old LJ. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Science 1985; 230 (4726): 630–2.
10. Nedwin GE, Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, Smith D, Jarrett-Nedwin J, Pennica D et al. Human lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor genes: structure, homology and chromosomal localization. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985; 13 (17): 6361–73.
11. Tumor necrosis factor alpha −308 gene locus promoter polymorphism:An analysis of association with health and disease . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2009 ;1792: 163–72.
12.
12.Motohiro E., Hideaki T., Koichi T.,Tetsuo K., KazuhisaY., Hiromasa Y. Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the 5′-Flanking Region of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Gene in Japanese Patients With Early-Onset Periodontitis . J Periodontol 2001;72:1554-9.
13. Wilson A. G., Symons J. A., McDowell, T. L., McDevitt H. O., Duff G. W. Effects of a polymorphism in the human tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter on transcriptional activation. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 1997; 94: 3195-9.
14. Franchimont D., Martens H., Hagelstein M.T., Louis E., Dewe W., Chrousos G. P., Belaiche J., Geenen V. Tumor necrosis factor alpha decreases, and interleukin-10 increases, the sensitivity of human monocytes to dexamethasone: potential regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 1999 ;84: 2834-9.
15. Craandijk J., van Krugten M.V., Verweij C.L., van der Velden U., Loos B.G. Tumor necrosis factor-a gene polymorphisms in relation to periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29: 28–34.
16. Gillian M. P. Galbraith, R. Britt Steed, John J. Sanders, and Janardan P. Pandey. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production by Oral Leukocytes: Influence of Tumor Necrosis Factor Genotype. J Periodontol 1998;69:428–33.
17. Sharma N., Joseph R., Arun R., Chandni R., Srinivas K. L., Banerjee M. Indian Journal of Dental Research 2014; 25 (3) : 375-80.
18. De Menezes, Natascha Giovannetti, Ana Paula Vieira. Brazilian Oral Research 2008; 22 (4) :322-7
19. Arias A.I, Giles B, Eiermann T.H, Sterry W, Pandey JP. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphism in psoriasis. Exp Clin Immunogenet. 1997;14(2):118-22.
20. K.E. Sullivan, C. Wooten, B.J. Schmeckpeper, D. Goldman, M.A. Petri, A promoter polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor alpha associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in African-Americans, Arthritis Rheum 1997 Dec;40(12):2207-11
21. Brinkman, B. M., Huizinga, T. W., Kurban S. S., Van der Velde, E. A., Schreuder, G.M., Hazes, J. M., Breedveld, F. C. &Verweij, C. L. Tumour necrosis factor alpha gene polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis: association with susceptibility to, or severity of, disease. British Journal of Rheumatology 1997;36: 516–21.
22. Vinasco, J., Beraun, Y., Nieto, A., Fraile, A.,Mataran, L., Pareja, E. & Martin, J. Polymorphism at the TNF loci in rheumatoid arthritis. Tissue Antigens 1997 ; 49: 74–78.
23. Van Krugten, M. V., Huizinga, T. W. J., Kaijzel, E. L., Zanelli, E. Drossaers ,Bakker K. W., Van de Linde, P., Hazes J.M.W., Zwinderman A. H., Breedveld F.C. & Verweij C. L. Association of the TNF ¹489 polymorphism with susceptibility and radiographic damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Genes and Immunity 1999;1: 91–96.
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Published
2018-01-15
How to Cite
Jose, K. P., Rajan, P., Guddad, S. S., & Kamath, V. K. (2018). TNF – α Polymorphism In Periodontitis: A Review: TNF – α Polymorphism In Periodontitis: A Review. National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 6(6), 79–82. Retrieved from http://nicpd.ac.in/ojs-/index.php/njirm/article/view/1025
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Review Article
