EFAVIRENZ Induced Gynaecomastia in a HIV Male presenting with Immunological and Clinical failure on HAART: A Case Report

EFVIRENZ induced Gynecomastia in a HIV Male patient

Abstract

Background: With the introduction of Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy gynaecomastia case are being reported in HIV infected men and have been associated with Efavirenz based regimen as its uncommon adverse effect. The underlying mechanism for Efavirenz induced gynaecomastia is not completely understood.
Case presentation: We present a case of 40 years old HIV infected male who presented with unilateral (right sided) gynaecomastia after nine months on Efavirenz based Antiretroviral regimen when started on antitubercular treatment for disseminated tuberculosis.
Conclusion: With Efavirenz based regimen being used as the first line therapy for HIV naïve patients and also in other settings as when treating tuberculosis co infection with antitubercular drugs, gynaecomastia as a side effect need to be recognized and intervened early with substitution of different antiretroviral drug so as to sustain adherence to antiretroviral therapy.