Histo-pathological changes of placenta in normal and pregnancy induced hypertension

Abstract

Introduction: Placenta is the most important and vital organ of intrauterine life.Hypertension is one of the common complication met within pregnancy and contributes significantly to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study is undertaken to assess the morphology of placenta in pregnancy induced hypertension and compare the same with that of normal pregnancy. Material and method: Fifty mothers with uncomplicated pregnancy and fifty mothers with pregnancy induced hypertension were selected randomly from in-patients of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Sir Takhtasinhji General Hospital,Bhavnagar, Gujarat. Gross and microscopic histopathological examination was carried out on placenta. Comparative study was done between two groups. The data were statistically analyzed using Chi square test by using EPI INFO 7 software. Results: Microscopic examination of placenta in Pregnancy induced hypertension show excessive syncytial knots, increased fibrinoid necrosis, increased villous stromal fibrosis and increased basement membrane thickening of the Villi along with decreased vasculosyncitial membrane as compare to normotensive group. Conclusion: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension alters the placental histomorphology. The histopathological changes among PIH group were statistically significant as compared to Normal. This will contribute to the better understanding, treatment and finally optimal management of the problem.