Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Urinary Tract Isolates of Escherichia coli from Kumaun Region
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of UTI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70284/njirm.v1i4.1886Keywords:
E.Coli, UTI, Antibiotic ResistanceAbstract
Background: Concurrent resistance to antimicrobials of different structural classes has arisen in a multitude of bacterial species and may complicate the therapeutic management of infections, including those of the urinary tract. Aim: To assess the resistance pattern among Escherichia coli from urinary isolates a retrospective in vitro surveillance study carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Uttarakhand Forest Hospital Trust Medical College from Jan. 2008- Dec. 2008. Materials and methods: Urine specimens were transported in sterile, leak-proof containers to the bacteriology laboratory immediately or if there was a delay, refrigerated for 4hrs before processing. Specimens were inoculated on cystine lactose electrolyte-deficient medium by semi quantitative method. The specimen yielding more than or equal to 105 organisms/ml of urine was interpreted as significant. Bacterial count less than this were considered insignificant. Growth of 3 or more than 3 organisms were considered contamination. Bacterial pathogens were identified by conventional biochemical methods according to standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial sensitivity was performed by the standard disk diffusion method. Results: E.coli was the most common uropathogen (57.76%) isolated and 94.29% of E.coli showed resistance to ampicillin, 92% to amoxycillin- salbactam, 70.86% to gentamicin, 65.71% to amikacin, 89.71% to cefuroxime, 72.57% to cefotaxime,76% to cefriaxone, 90.28% to ciprofloxacin, 61.14% to chlormphenicol, 42.86% to nitrofurantoin, 28% to piperacillin-tazobactam and 8.57% to imipenem. Multidrug resistance was defined as resistance to two or more classes of antibiotics. Multidrug resistance was detected in 97% isolates. Conclusion: These findings call for wiser use of antimicrobial agents and their continuous in vitro monitoring.
References
2. Sahm DF, Thornsberry C, Mayfield DC, Jones ME, Karlowsky JA. Multidrug- resistant urinary isolates of Escherichia coli: prevalence and patient demographics in the United States in 2000. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45: 1402-6.
3. Al- Tawfiq JA. Increasing antibiotic resistance among isolates of Escherichia coli recovered from inpatient and outpatients in a Saudi Arabian hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006; 27: 748-753.
4. Colle JG, Duguid JP, Fraser AG, Marmion BP, Simmon A. Laboratory strategy in the diagnosis of infective syndrome. In: Collee JG, Faser AG, Marmion BP, Simmons A (editors). Mackie and McCartney. Practical Medical Microbiology 14th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone 1996; p.84-90.
5. Colle JG, Miles RS, Watt B. Test for the identification of bacteria. In: Collee JG, Faser AG, Marmion BP, Simmons A (editors). Mackie and McCartney. Practical Medical Microbiology 14th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone 1996; p.131-145.
6. National committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests NCCLS document M2-A7, Approved Standard, 7th edition: Wayne, PA: NCCLS, 2000.
7. Mohanty S, Kapil A, Das BK, Dhawan B. Antimicrobial resistance profile of nosocomialuropathogens in a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Med Sci 2003; 57: 148-54.
8. Gupta V, Yadav A, Joshi RM. Antibiotic resistance pattern in uropathogen. Indian J Med Microbiol 2002; 20: 96-8.
9. Piddock LJV, Wise R. Mechanism of resistance to quinolones and clinical prospectives. J Antimicrobial Chemother. 1989; 23: 427-483.
10. Hossain N, Ahmed Z, Mostali M. urinary tract infection in children. A study of 50 cases. Bangaladesh Armed Forces Med J 1996; 20: 6164.
11. Zervos MJ, Herhberger E, Nicolau DP, et al.Relationship between fluoroquinolone use and changes in susceptibility to fluoroquinolones of selected pathogens in 10 United States teaching hospitals, 1991-2000. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37 1643-48.
12. Karlowsky JA, Kelly LJ, Thornsberry C, Jones ME, Sahm DF. Trends in antimicrobial resistance among urinary isolates of outpatients in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46: 2540-45.
13. Anuradha K, Sailaja VV, Umabala P, Satheesh T, Lakshmi V. Sensitivity pattern of gram negative bacilli to three ß- lactam/ ß- lactamase inhibitor combination using the automated API system. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007; 25: 203-8.
14. Niki Y. Fundamental and clinical studies on beta- lactamase inhibihitors. Nippon Rinssho 2001; 59: 771-6.
15. Blahova J, Hupkova M, Kremery V Sr. The effectivesness of so called potentiated penicillins (augmentin and tazobactam) in vitro. Cas Lek cesk 1995: 134: 558-61.
