Fetal Kidney Length: A Useful Parameter For Ultrasonographic Gestational Age Calculation
Fetal Kidney Length: A Useful Parameter For Ultrasonographic Gestational Age Calculation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70284/njirm.v7i1.1045Keywords:
Gestational age (GA), Fetal kidney length (FKL), Femur length (FL), Biparietal diameter (BPD)Abstract
Background & Objective: As the technology used in sonography has become more advanced accurate estimation of gestational age (GA) has become more demanding to plan treatments in pregnancy. Fetal kidney length (FKL) alone or its combination with other biometric parameters can be used in GA calculation more precisely in IInd&IIIrd trimester. Methodology: Two hundred three healthy pregnant females of IInd&IIIrd trimester were analyzed for GA calculation via FKL, Bi parietal diameter (BPD) and femur length (FL) using various lenear regression models. Results: Fetal kidney could be seen easily sonographically at 16thwk of gestation. FL was the most accurate single parameter (SE + 7.95 days) followed by FKL + 9.56days; BPD was the least accurate + 9.86 days. GA can be calculated most accurately by combining FKL with FL and BPD with SE + 7.12 days. Conclusion: FKL is easy to measure in IInd and IIIrd trimester and more accurate than BPD for GA estimation. So FKL could be used alone or easily incorporated into the model for dating pregnancies after 16th wk of gestation, in particular when measurements of BPD and FL are difficult. [Agarwal S NJIRM 2016; 7(1):55-58]
References
2. Gupta DP, Gupta HP, Zaidi Z. et al. “Accuracy in Estimation of Gestational Age in Third Trimester by Fetal Kidney Length in Indian womenâ€. Indian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2013; 24(5): 459-463.
3. Kaul I, Menia V, Anand AK. et al. “Role of Fetal Kidney Length in Estimation of Gestational Ageâ€. JK Science 2012; 14(2): 65-69.
4. J.J. Kansaria, S.V. Parulekar. “Nomogram for fetal kidney length. Bombay Hosp. J. 2009; 51(2):155-62.
5. Konje JC, Bell SC, Morton JJ, De Chazal R, Taylor DJ. Human Fetal kidney morphometry during gestation and the relationship between weight, kidney morphometry and plasma active renin concentration as birth. Clin. Sci 1996; 91: 169-75.
6. KonjeJC, Okaro CI, Bell SC, deChazal R, Taylor DJ. A cross-sectional study of changes in fetal renal size with gestation in appropriate and small for gestational age fetuses. Ultrasound ObstetGynecol 1997: 9: 35-7.
7. Konje JC, Abrams KR, Bell SC. et al. “Determination of gestational age after the 24th week of gestation from fetal kidney length measurementsâ€. Ultrasound ObstetGynecol 2002; 19: 592-597.
8. Duval JM, Milon J, Langella B et al. “Ultrasonographic anatomy and physiology of the fetal kidneyâ€. AnatClin 1985; 7(2): 107-23.
9. Cohen HL, Cooper J, Eisenberg P, et al. “Normal length of fetal kidneys: sonographic study in 397obstetric patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1991; 157: 545-48.
10. Kumar K, Lalwani R, Babu R. et al. “Ultrasonographic estimation of fetal gestational age by fetal kidneylengthâ€. Journal of the Anatomical society of India 2013; 62: 33-36.
11. KansariaJJ, ParulekarSV. “Nomogram for foetal kidney lengthâ€. Bombay Hospital J 2009; 51: 155-62.
12. Hadlock FP, Deter RL., “Computer assisted analysis of fetal age in third trimester using multiple fetal growth parameters. JCU 1983; 11: 313.
13. Fong KW, Ryan g. “Fetal urogenital tract. In: Diabnostic Ultrasound. 2nd edition, Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau, JW (EDs), Mosby Year Book Inc.: New York 1998 (2): p. 1093-121.
14. Scott JE, Wright B, Wilson G, Pearson IA, Matthews JN, Rose PG. “Measuring the fetal kidney with ultrasonography. Br J Urol 1995;76(6): 769-74.
