A Study of Outcome Analysis of Treatment in 100 Cases of New Sputum Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Under RNTCP

Abstract

Introduction: The United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) along with the World Health
Organization's end TB strategy has made global targets for “To End the Global Epidemic of Tuberculosis (TB).â€
RNTCP launched Fix Dose Combination (FDC) for treatment of patients of drug-sensitive TB. FDC drugs contain
the four main molecules - Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol—in one pill. RNTCP mandates to
take sputum sample for GeneXpert of every Sputum smear positive, so it helps to make early diagnosis.
Objectives: To know the treatment outcomes and to find the correlation between the radiological and
bacteriological aspects in cases of new sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis on treatment of Fixed drug
combination under RNTCP. Method: In this prospective study, we considered 100 new sputum smear-positive
pulmonary TB patients aged 􀀂11 years diagnosed in our TB unit. Before starting the treatment Sputum AFB by
Fluorescent stain was examined. The follow up was done at the end of Second month (End of Intensive Phase)
and Sixth months (End of treatment). And the data was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. P-value less
than 0.05 is considered as significant. Result: The 89.65% successful treatment outcome of all new sputum
positive TB patients observed in our study achieved the target i.e. 90% of RNTCP for the 12th 5 years plan
(2012–2017). Poor adherence with treatment and malnutrition were significantly associated with non conversion
(P = 0.03). Patients with TB and diabetes mellitus were found to be highly significantly associated (P = 0.01) with
sputum non conversion at end of Intensive Phase.