Malaria Diagnostic Tests: Microscopy And Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Revisited
Microscopy And Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Revisited
Keywords:
Microscopy, Malaria, Rapiddiagnostic test, Malaria diagnosis, Parasetaemia, Plasmodium, Antimalarial drugAbstract
In the prevention and control of malaria, Prompt and accurate diagnosis is the key to effective disease management. Giemsa microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are the diagnostic tests each with characteristic strengths and limitations is the best way for accurate diagnosis has a key role for malaria control successfully. Reduction in morbidity and drug resistance intensity of malaria require a parasite based diagnostic methods. A parallel commitment is needed in production of antimalarial drug or malaria vaccine along with improvement in diagnostic tests and their availability to people in endemic areas. [Jain S NJIRM 2014; 5(4) :82-87]
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33. Playford EG, Walker J, 2002. Evaluation of the ICT malariaP.f/P.v and the OptiMal rapid diagnostic tests for malaria infebrile returned travellers. J Clin Microbiol 40:4166–4171
34. Moody A, Hunt-Cooke A, Gabbett E, Chiodini P, 2000. Performance of the OptiMAL malaria antigen capture dipstick for malaria diagnosis and treatment monitoring at the Hospital forTropical Diseases, London Br J Haematol 109:891–894
35. Farcas GA, Zhong KJ, Lovegrove FE, Graham CM, Kain KC,2003. Evaluation of the Binax NOW ICT test versus polymerase chain reaction and microscopy for the detection ofmalaria in returned travelers. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69:589–592
36. Grobusch MP, Hanscheid T, Gobels K, Slevogt H, Zoller T, Rogler G, Teichmann D, 2003. Comparison of three antigendetection tests for diagnosis and follow-up of falciparum malaria in travelers returning to Berlin, Germany. Parasitol Res89:354–357
37. Palmer CJ, Bonilla JA, Bruckner DA, Barnett ED, Miller NS, Haseeb MA, Masci JR, Stauffer WM, 2003. Multicenter studyto evaluate theOptiMAL test for rapid diagnosis of malaria inU.S. hospitals. J Clin Microbiol 41:5178–5182
38. Richardson DC, Ciach M, Zhong KJ, Crandall I, Kain KC, 2002.Evaluation of the Makromed dipstick assay versus PCR fordiagnosis ofPlasmodium falciparummalaria in returned trav-elers. J Clin Microbiol 40:4528–4530.
39. Hernandez E, De Pina JJ, Fabre R, Garrabe E, Raphenon G,Cavallo JD, 2001. Evaluation of the OptiMAL test in the di-agnosis of imported malarial outbreak. Med Trop (Mars) 61:153–157
40. Marx A, Pewsner D, Egger M, Nuesch R, Bucher HC, GentonB, Hatz C, Juni P, 2005. Meta-analysis: accuracy of rapid testsfor malaria in travelers returning from endemic areas. AnnIntern Med 142:836–846
41. Jelinek T, Grobusch MP, Harms G, 2001. Evaluation of a dip-stick test for the rapid diagnosis of imported malaria amongpatients resenting within the network TropNetEurop.ScandJ Infect Dis 33:752–754
42. Jelinek T, Amsler L, Grobusch MP, Nothdurft HD, 1999. Self-use of rapid tests for malaria diagnosis by tourists. Lancet 354:1609.
43. Trachsler M, Schlagenhauf P, Steffen R, 1999. Feasibility of arapid dipstick antigen-capture assay for self-testing of travelers’malaria. Trop Med Int Health 4:442–447
44. World Health Organization, 2004.The use of malaria diagnostictests.Manila: WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO).
2. World Health Organization: World malaria report 2010. [http://whqlibdoc.who.int /publications/2010/9789241564106_eng.pdf ]
3. World Health Organization: International travel and health. 2010 [http://www.who.int/entity/ith/ITH2010.pdf ]
4. Habib AG, Singh KS: Respiratory distress in nonimmune adults with imorted malaria. Infection 2004, 32: 356-359.
5. Rogerson SJ, Carter R: Severe vivax malaria: newly recognised or rediscovered. PLoS Med 2008, 5: e136.
6. Phimpraphi W, Paul R, Witoonpanich B, Turbpaiboon C, Peerapittayamongkol C, Louicharoen C, Casademont I, Tungpradabkul
7. Snow RW, Guerra CA, Noor AM, Myint HY, Hay SI, 2005. Theglobal distribution of clinical episodes of Plasmodium falci-parum malaria.Nature 434:214217.
8. Bell DR, Jorgensen P, Christophel EM, Palmer KL, 2005. Malaria risk: estimation of the malaria burden.Nature 437:E3
9. Malaria R&D Alliance, 2005. Malaria Research and Development: An Assessment of Global Investment, November 2005. www.MalariaAlliance.org.
10. Barnish G, Bates I, Iboro J, 2004. Newer drug combinations formalaria.BMJ 328:1511–1512.
11. World Health Organization: Guidelines for the treatment of malaria, second edition, 2010. [http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241547925_eng.pdf ]
12. Fleischer B, 2004. Editorial: 100 years ago: Giemsa’s solution forstaining of plasmodia.Trop Med Int Health 9:755–756.
13. Bruce-Chwatt LJ, 1984. DNA probes for malaria diagnosis. Lancet 1:795
14. Payne D, 1988. Use and limitations of light microscopy for diagnosing malaria at the primary health care level. Bull World Health Organ 66:621–626.
15. Dowling MA, Shute GT, 1966. A comparative study of thick andthin blood films in the diagnosis of scanty malaria parasitaemia.Bull World Health Organ 34:249–267.
16. World Health Organization, 1988. Malaria diagnosis: memoran-dum from a WHO meeting. Bull World Health Organ 66:575–594.
17. Milne LM, Kyi MS, Chiodini PL, Warhurst DC, 1994. Accuracyof routine laboratory diagnosis of malaria in the United Kingdom.J Clin Pathol 47:740–742.
18. Othnigue N, Wyss K, Tanner M, Genton B, 2006. Urban malariain the Sahel: prevalence and seasonality of presumptive ma-laria and parasitaemia at primary care level in Chad.Trop MedInt Health 11:204–21019. Lalloo D, Naraqi S, 1992. The diagnosis of malaria: traditionaland contemporary approaches. P N G Med J 35:243–248
20. Zurovac D, Midia B, Ochola SA, English M, Snow RW, 2006.Microscopy and outpatient malaria case management amongolder children and adults in Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 11:432–440.
21. Milne LM, Kyi MS, Chiodini PL, Warhurst DC, 1994. Accuracyof routine laboratory diagnosis of malaria in the United King-dom. J Clin athol 47:740–742.
22. Thomson S, Lohmann RC, Crawford L, Dubash R, RichardsonH, 2000. External quality assessment in the examination of blood films for malarial parasite within Ontario, Canada. ArchPathol Lab Med 124:57–60
23. Anonymous, 1997. The laboratory diagnosis of malaria. TheMalaria Working Party of The General Haematology TaskForce of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Clin Lab Haematol 19:165–170
24. Johnston SP, Pieniazek NJ, Xayavong MV, Slemenda SB,Wilkins PP, da Silva AJ, 2006. PCR as a confirmatory tech-nique for laboratory diagnosis of malaria.J Clin Microbiol 44:1087–1089
25. Wongsrichanalai C, Barcus MJ, Muth S, Sutamihardja A, ernsdorfer WH: A review of malaria diagnostic tools: microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007, 77: 119-127
26. World Health Organization: Basic Malaria Microscopy - Part II.Tutor´s Guide 2nd edition, 2010. [www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Malaria_malaria_microscopy_Tutors_guide2010.pdf]
27. World Health Organization: Basic Malaria Microscopy - Part I. Learner´s Guide 2nd edition, 2010. [www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Malaria_malaria_microscopy_Learners_guide2010.pdf]
28. Kettelhut MM, Chiodini PL, Edwards H, Moody A: External quality assessment schemes raise standards: evidence from the UKNEQAS parasitology subschemes. J Clin Pathol 2003, 56: 927-932
29. Grobusch MP, Hanscheid T, Gobels K, Slevogt H, Zoller T, Rogler G, Teichmann D: Comparison of three antigen detection tests for diagnosis and follow-up of falciparum malaria in travellers returning to Berlin, Germany. Parasitol Res 2003, 89: 354-357
30. World Health Organization, 2000. Malaria Diagnosis New Per-WONGSRICHANALAI AND OTHERS124spectives. Report of a Joint WHO/USAID Informal Consultation, October 25-27, 2000. Geneva: WHO.
31. Pattanasin S, Proux S, Chompasuk D, Luwiradaj K, Jacquier P,Looareesuwan S, Nosten F, 2003. Evaluation of a new Plas-modium lactate dehydrogenase assay (OptiMAL-IT) for the detection of malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97:672–674.
32. Iqbal J, Muneer A, Khalid N, Ahmed MA, 2003. Performance ofthe OptiMAL test for malaria diagnosis among suspected malaria patients at the rural health centers. Am J Trop Med Hyg68:624–628
33. Playford EG, Walker J, 2002. Evaluation of the ICT malariaP.f/P.v and the OptiMal rapid diagnostic tests for malaria infebrile returned travellers. J Clin Microbiol 40:4166–4171
34. Moody A, Hunt-Cooke A, Gabbett E, Chiodini P, 2000. Performance of the OptiMAL malaria antigen capture dipstick for malaria diagnosis and treatment monitoring at the Hospital forTropical Diseases, London Br J Haematol 109:891–894
35. Farcas GA, Zhong KJ, Lovegrove FE, Graham CM, Kain KC,2003. Evaluation of the Binax NOW ICT test versus polymerase chain reaction and microscopy for the detection ofmalaria in returned travelers. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69:589–592
36. Grobusch MP, Hanscheid T, Gobels K, Slevogt H, Zoller T, Rogler G, Teichmann D, 2003. Comparison of three antigendetection tests for diagnosis and follow-up of falciparum malaria in travelers returning to Berlin, Germany. Parasitol Res89:354–357
37. Palmer CJ, Bonilla JA, Bruckner DA, Barnett ED, Miller NS, Haseeb MA, Masci JR, Stauffer WM, 2003. Multicenter studyto evaluate theOptiMAL test for rapid diagnosis of malaria inU.S. hospitals. J Clin Microbiol 41:5178–5182
38. Richardson DC, Ciach M, Zhong KJ, Crandall I, Kain KC, 2002.Evaluation of the Makromed dipstick assay versus PCR fordiagnosis ofPlasmodium falciparummalaria in returned trav-elers. J Clin Microbiol 40:4528–4530.
39. Hernandez E, De Pina JJ, Fabre R, Garrabe E, Raphenon G,Cavallo JD, 2001. Evaluation of the OptiMAL test in the di-agnosis of imported malarial outbreak. Med Trop (Mars) 61:153–157
40. Marx A, Pewsner D, Egger M, Nuesch R, Bucher HC, GentonB, Hatz C, Juni P, 2005. Meta-analysis: accuracy of rapid testsfor malaria in travelers returning from endemic areas. AnnIntern Med 142:836–846
41. Jelinek T, Grobusch MP, Harms G, 2001. Evaluation of a dip-stick test for the rapid diagnosis of imported malaria amongpatients resenting within the network TropNetEurop.ScandJ Infect Dis 33:752–754
42. Jelinek T, Amsler L, Grobusch MP, Nothdurft HD, 1999. Self-use of rapid tests for malaria diagnosis by tourists. Lancet 354:1609.
43. Trachsler M, Schlagenhauf P, Steffen R, 1999. Feasibility of arapid dipstick antigen-capture assay for self-testing of travelers’malaria. Trop Med Int Health 4:442–447
44. World Health Organization, 2004.The use of malaria diagnostictests.Manila: WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO).
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Published
2018-01-04
How to Cite
C, D. J. S., Deepak, D. G., & K, D. J. M. (2018). Malaria Diagnostic Tests: Microscopy And Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Revisited: Microscopy And Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Revisited. National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 5(4), 83–88. Retrieved from http://nicpd.ac.in/ojs-/index.php/njirm/article/view/773
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