Current Microbial Isolates From Wound Samples and Their Susceptibility Pattern in A Tertiary Care Hospital, Ahmadabad
Keywords:
wound infection, bacteria, antimicrobial resistanceAbstract
Background: Wound infection is one of the major health problems that are caused and aggravated by the invasion of pathogenic organisms where empiric treatment is routine. Objective: To isolate and identify the bacteria causing wound infection and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Method: A total of 2119 wound swab and pus samples were collected during the period of January to June 2016 from a tertiary care hospital VSGH, NHL Medical College, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India. Swabs from the wound were inoculated on different media and the isolates were identified by standard procedures as needed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to ‘The Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute’ guidelines. Results: In this study 1002 bacterial isolates were recovered from 2119 samples showing an isolation rate of 47.28 %. The predominant bacteria isolated from infected wounds were Staphylococcus aureus 26.04% followed by Klebsiella 23.05%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18.346%Escherichia coli 17.76%, Acinetobacter 12.07%, and Proteus 2.59%. In Staphylococcus aureus 37.16% isolates were MRSA. all were sensitive to linezolid (100%), vancomycin (100%), doxycycline 74.60% and gentamicin 65.13%. Among the Gram negative isolates Klebsiella was predominant and showed sensitivity to imipenem 43.29% amikacin 25.10% and cefoperazone- sulbactam 30.73% and pseudomonas showed sensitivity to amikacin 31.35% , imipenem 63.24% and piperacillin-tazobactam 50.27%. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated pathogen from wound swab and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of various isolates help to assist the clinician in appropriate selection of empirical antibiotics against wound infection.
References
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30. Mama M, Adissa A, Sewunet T. AntimicrobialSusceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates fromWound Infection and Their Sensitivity to AlternativeTopical Agents at Jimma University SpecializedHospital, South-West Ethiopia. Annals of ClinicalMicrobiology and Antimicrobials. 2014;13:14.
31. Barker KF. Antibiotic Resistance: A CurrentPerspective. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 ;48:109-24.
32. Gold HS, Pillai SK. Antistaphylococcal Agents. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2009;23:99-131.
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34. Speer BS, Shoemaker NB, Salyers A. BacterialResistance to Tetracycline Mechanisms, Transfer,and Cinical Significance. Clin Microbiol Rev.1992;5:387-99.
35. Ranjan KP, Ranjan N, Bansal SK, Arora DR.Prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Post-Operative Wound Infection in a ReferralHospital in Haryana, India. Journal of Laboratory Physicians. 2010;2(2):74-77.
36. Anderl JN, Franklin MJ, Stewart PS. Role ofAntibiotic Penetration Limitation in Klebsiellapneumonia Biofilm Resistance to Ampicillin andCiprofloxacin. Antimicrobial Agents andChemotherapy. 2000;44(7):1818-24.
2. Bowler P, Duerden I, Armstrong D. Wound microbiology and associated approaches to wound management. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001; 14(2): 244–269
3. Alexander FM. Wound Infection: Nursing Practice Hospitaland Home, the Adult. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1994.
4. Sule A, Thanni L, Sule-Odu O, Olusanya O. Bacterial pathogens associated with infected wounds inOgun state University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria. Afr J ClinExp Microbiol 2002; 3(1): 13–16.
5. Dionigi R, Rovera F, Dionigi G, Imperatori A, Ferrari A, Dionigi P, Dominioni L. Risk factors in surgery. J Chemother 2001; Spec No 1(1): 6–11.
6. Mohammed A, Adeshina GO, Ibrahim YK. Incidence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Wound Infections in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2013;12(4):617-21
7. Bowler P, Duerden B, Armstrong D. WoundMicrobiology and Associated Approaches to WoundManagement. Clin Microbiol Rev.2001;14(2):244-69.
8. Taiwo S, Okesina A, Onile B. In Vitro AntimicrobialSusceptibility Pattern of Bacterila Isolates fromWound Infections in University of Ilorin TeachingHospital. Afr J Clin Exp Microbiol. 2002;3(1):6-10.
9. Gunzalez G, Bronze MS, Drevets DA, Glatt A,Mylonakis E, Burke AC. Surgical Wound Infection[Internet]. 2006 [cited 2014 Aug 25]. Availablefrom: http:/www.emedicine.MED/topic1929.htm.
10. Perceivil S, Bowler P. Understanding the Effects ofBacterial Communities and Biofilm on WoundHealing [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2014 Sep 5].Available from: http:/www worldwidewound.com.
11. Alebachew T, Yismaw G, Derabe A, Sisay Z.Staphylococcus Aureus Burn Wound Infection among Patients attending Yekatit 12 Hospital BurnUnit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci.2012;22(3):209-13.
12. Taiwoet al., 2002; Anguzu & Olila, 2007;Okesola & Kehinde, 2008).
13. Collee JG, Miles RS, Watt B, Fraser AG, MarmionBP, Simonds A, editors. Test for Identification ofBacteria. In: Mackie and MC Cartney. PracticalMedical Microbiology. 14th ed. NewYork: ChurchillLivingstone; 1996.
14. CLSI. Performance Standards for AntimicrobialSusceptibility Testing: 21st Informational Supplements. CLSI document MI00-S21. WaynePA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute;2011.
15. National Committee for Clinical LaboratoryStandards Performance Standards for AntimicrobialSusceptibility Testing. 11th edition. Wayne PA;
16. Pondei K, Fente BG, Oledapo O. Current MicrobialIsolates from Wound Swabs, Their Culture andSensitivity Pattern at the Niger Delta UniversityTeaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Nigeria. Trop MedHealth. 2013;41(2):49-53.
17. Siguan SS, Ang BS, Pala IM, Baclig RM. AerobicSurgical Infection: A Surveillance on Microbiological Etiology and AntimicrobialSensitivity Pattern of Commonly Used Antibiotics. Phil J Microbial Infect Dis. 1990;19(1):27-33.
18. Shriyan A, Sheetal R, Nayak N. AerobicMicro-Organisms in Post-operative Wound Infections and Their Antimicrobial SusceptibilityPatterns. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2010;4:3392-96.
19. Noroozi H, Kazemi A, Fadaee R, Alavi S,Mohammadzadeh M. Microbiologic Assessment of Non-Surgical Traumatic Wound Infection. andSurgical Site Infections in Hospitalized Patients. Iranian Journal of Clinical Infections Diseases.2010;5(2):80-83.
20. Isibor JO, Osani A, Eyaufe A, Osagie R, Turay A.Incidence of Aerobic Bacteria and Candida Albicansin Post-operative Wound Infection. African Journalof Microbiology Research. 2008;2(1):288-91.
21. Anbumani N, Kalyani J, Mallika M. Epidemiologyand Microbiology of Wound Infections. Indmedica-Indian Journal for the Practising Doctor.2006;3(5):11-12.
22. Lalithambigai J, Kavitha A, Priyadharsini RI, RajeshKR. Postoperative Wound Infections and TheirAntimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in a TertiaryCare Hospital in Salem, India. International Journalof Research in Pharmacology &Pharmacotherapeutics. 2014;3(1):46-52.
23. Goswami N, Trivedi HR, Goswami APP. AntibioticSensitivity Profile of Bacterial Pathogens inPostoperative Wound Infections at a Tertiary CareHospital in Gujarat, India. J Pharm Pharm. 2011;2(3):158-64.
24. Manikandan C, Amsath A. Antibiotic Susceptibilityof Bacterial Strains Isolated from Wound InfectionPatients in Pattukkottai, Tamilnadu, India. Int J CurrMicrobiol App Sci. 2013;2(6):195-203.
25. Mahmood A. Bacteriology of Surgical SiteInfections and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of the Isolates at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi.PMA. 2000;50:256.
26. Kawai M, Yamada S, Ishidoshiro A, Oyamada Y, ItoH, Yamagishi J. Cell-wall thickness: PossibleMechanism of Acriflavine in Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus. J Med Microbiol.2009;58:331-36.
27. Kwong SM, Lim R, Lebard RJ, Skurray RA, FirthN. Analysis of the pSK1 Replicon, a Prototype fromthe Staphylococcal Multi-Resistance Plasmid Family. Microbiology. 2008;154:3084-94.\
28. Memmi G, Filipe SR, Pinho MG, Fu Z, Cheung A.Staphylococcus aureus PBP4 is Essential orBeta-lactam Resistance in Community-AcquiredMethicillin-Resistant Strains. Antimicrob AgentsChemothe. 2008;52:3955-66.
29. Xu H, Sullivan TJ, Sekiguchi J, Kirikae T, Ojima I,Stratton CF, et al. Mechanism and Inhibition ofsaFabI, the Enoyl Reductase from Staphylococcusaureus. Biochemistry. 2008;47:4228-36.
30. Mama M, Adissa A, Sewunet T. AntimicrobialSusceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates fromWound Infection and Their Sensitivity to AlternativeTopical Agents at Jimma University SpecializedHospital, South-West Ethiopia. Annals of ClinicalMicrobiology and Antimicrobials. 2014;13:14.
31. Barker KF. Antibiotic Resistance: A CurrentPerspective. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 ;48:109-24.
32. Gold HS, Pillai SK. Antistaphylococcal Agents. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2009;23:99-131.
33. Pinho MG, de Lencastre H, Tomasz A. An Acquiredand a Native Penicillin-Binding Protein Cooperatein Building the Cell Wall of Drug-ResistantStaphylococci. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.2001;98:10886-91.
34. Speer BS, Shoemaker NB, Salyers A. BacterialResistance to Tetracycline Mechanisms, Transfer,and Cinical Significance. Clin Microbiol Rev.1992;5:387-99.
35. Ranjan KP, Ranjan N, Bansal SK, Arora DR.Prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Post-Operative Wound Infection in a ReferralHospital in Haryana, India. Journal of Laboratory Physicians. 2010;2(2):74-77.
36. Anderl JN, Franklin MJ, Stewart PS. Role ofAntibiotic Penetration Limitation in Klebsiellapneumonia Biofilm Resistance to Ampicillin andCiprofloxacin. Antimicrobial Agents andChemotherapy. 2000;44(7):1818-24.
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Published
2018-05-16
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Sida, H., Pethani, J., Dalal, P., Shah, H., & Shaikh, N. (2018). Current Microbial Isolates From Wound Samples and Their Susceptibility Pattern in A Tertiary Care Hospital, Ahmadabad. National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 9(2), 17–21. Retrieved from http://nicpd.ac.in/ojs-/index.php/njirm/article/view/2306
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