Prevalence of Microalbuminuria in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Prevalence of Microalbuminuria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70284/njirm.v2i4.1934Keywords:
Microalbuminuria, diabetes mellitus, blood pressure, obesity, retinopathyAbstract
Background: Studies in the western literature show a linear relationship between degree of microalbuminuria and body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and duration of diabetes. Aims and Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with age, sex, body mass index, serum creatinine level and development of diabetic retinopathy in Indian population. Materials and Methods: Sixty one (35 males and 26 females) with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus of duration of six months and negative for albumin in urine by albustic method were included in study. Detailed clinical history was taken followed by a thorough physical examination that included neurological examination and fundoscopic examination. Micral test was used for estimation of microalbuminuria. Results: Overall prevalence of microalbuminuria in the present study is 54.09%. Among the patients with microalbuminuria, 24 males and 9 were females. Pearson correlation of microalbuminuria with age showed statisestically significant linear relationship. Gender-wise correlation analysis of microalbuminuria show statistical significant high prevalence of microalbuminuria in male. Correlation of microalbuminuria with body mass index was not significant (p>0.05). Serum creatinine is also not correlated with microalbuminuria statistically. Incidence of microalbuminuria increases with age as well as with increased duration of diabetes mellitus. There is no effect of body mass index on the prevalence of microalbuminuria. Development of changes of diabetic retinopathy is associated with microalbuminuria and this correlation is statistically significant ( p<0.05 ). Conclusion: Microalbuminuria occurs commonly in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics and it is associated with development of diabetic retinopathy. Screening for this associated factor of diabetic nephropathy is recommended as a routine in all newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients to prevent further renal damage. Our finding supports routine screening for microalbuminuria as part of the initial evaluation of these patients.
References
2. Ruilope LM, Rodicio JL. Clinical relevance of proteinuria and microalbuminuria. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1993;2:962-7.
3. Marshall SM. Screening for microalbuminuria: Which measurement? Diabet Med 1991;8:706-11.
4. Poulsen PE. Microalbuminuria-techniques of measurement. In: Microalbuminuria A. Marker for Organ Damage, edited by Mogensen CE,
editor. London: Science Press Ltd.; 1993. p. 10-9.
5. Ghai R, Verma ND, Goel A, Bhatnagar MK, Kapoor P, Vashishta A. Microalbuminuria in non insulin dependent diabetes and essential hypertension: A marker of severe disease. J Assoc Physicians India 1994;42:771-4.
6. Unuigbe EI, Omeife H, Edema T, Ukoli FA. Microalbuminuria and associated factors in newly diagnosed diabetics. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2001 Dec;8(4):187-92.
7. Khan NJ, Farid MI, Hameed S, Aziz M. Frequency of microalbuminuria in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics at Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Ann King Edward Med Coll Oct - Dec 2004;10(4):374-5
8. Parving HH, Gall MA, Skott P. Prevalence and causes of microalbuminuria in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Kidney Int 1992;41:758-62.
9. Taneja V, Sircar S, Kansra U, Lamba IM. Microalbuminuria in normotensive non insulin dependent diabetic subjects-associations and predictions. J Diabetes Assoc Ind 1997;37:30-6.
10. Ruilope LM, Segura J. Predictors of the evolution of microalbuminuria. Hypertension 2006;48:832-3.
11. Metcalf P, Baker J, Scott A, Wild C, Scragg R, Dryson E. Albuminuria in people at least 40 years old: Effect of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Clin Chem 1992;38:1802-8.
12. Dinneen SF, Gerstein HC. The association of microalbuminuria and mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:1413-8.
