Effect of Vaginal Cone on Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in Post- Menopausal Women With Stress Incontinence- Community Based Study
Effect of Vaginal Cone on Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength
Keywords:
Post-menopausal women, Pelvic Floor Muscles Training, stress urinary incontinence, vaginal coneAbstract
Context: SUI is defined as involuntary loss of urine during coughing, sneezing or physical exertion. This is common complaint in post menopausal women. Conservative physical treatments preferred as first choice. This study assessed the effect of vaginal cone on pelvic floor muscle strength in these women. Method: Total 32 subjects recruited. Participants randomly assigned to 2 groups. Control group-1(PFMT) and experimental group-2 (PFMT. + vaginal cone). Group-1, N=15 and group -2, N=17, treatment for 6 weeks was given. Result: Independent T-test between Group-I and Group-II showed both groups were homogenous. Paired T-test to compare pre – post difference of variables within the group was significant with p-value <0.01 for Brink score, water glasses per day, frequency of urine per day, leakage episodes. In group 2 majority women with vaginal cone for strength gain reached to 40gms (2-3 subjects progressed to 55gms cone). To check association between 2 variables between groups, chi-square test showed no significant difference, throughout the results significant level was set at 5%. Conclusion: Pelvic floor muscles’ training is effective to improve SUI symptoms and improve quality of life, but effects of vaginal cones need to be studied on larger sample. [Lata P NJIRM 2017; 8(4):10-16]
References
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2. Kari Bø and Robert D Herbert. There is not yet strong evidence that exercise regimens other than pelvic floor muscle training can reduce stress urinary incontinence in women: A systematic review. 2013 Journal of Physiotherapy; Volume 59: Issue 3. 159 – 168. DOI 10.1016/s1836-9553(13)70180-2
3. Price N, et al. Pelvic floor exercises for urinary incontinence. A systematic literature review. Maturitas (2010), doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.08.004
4. Vjollca Ndreu, Fatjona Kamberi, Enkeleda Sinaj, Anila Sula, Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Versus No Treatment For Urinary Incontinence in Women. European Scientific Journal February 2015 /SPECIAL/ edition vol.2 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431
5. Silva Filho et al. Analysis of the resources for rehabilitation of pelvic floor muscles in women with prolapse and urinary incontinence Fisioter Pesq. 2013;20(1):90-96
6. Management of urinary incontinence in primary care A national clinical guideline. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. December 2014ISBN 1 899893 14 8. WWW.SIGN.AC.UK 7. Maria V. Capelini; Cassio L. Riccetto; Miriam Dambros; Jose T. Tamanini; Viviane Herrmann; Virginia Muller. Pelvic floor exercises with biofeedback for stress urinary incontinence. International Braz J Urol Vol. 32 (4): 462-469, July - August, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1677-55382006000400015
8. Singh U, Agarwal P, Verma ML, Dalela D, Singh N, Shankhwar P. Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in Indian women: A hospital-baseD survey. Indian J Urol. 2013; 29; 31-6.
9. Culligan PJ, Heat M. Urinary incontinence in women: evaluation and management. Am Fam Physician. 2000 Dec 1;62(11):2433-44, 2447, 2452.
10. Patricia B Neumann, Karen A Grim and Yamini Deenadayalan. Pelvic floor muscle training and adjunctive therapies for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women: asystematic review. BMC Women's Health 2006; 6:11 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-6-11
11. Karolina Chmaj-Wierzchowska1, Beata Pięta1, Magdalena Kotecka1, Michał Michalak2 Stefan Sajdak3, Tomasz Opala1. Three most important etiological factors of occurrence of stress urinary incontinence in nulliparous pre-and postmenopausal Polish women Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012; 19(3): 581-585.
12. Daksha Trivedi. Cochrane Review Summary: Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary incontinence in women.Primary Health Care Research & Development 2015; 16: 545–547 doi:10.1017/S1463423615000419https:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423615000419
13. Victor W Nitti, MD. The Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence. Rev Urol. 2001; 3(Suppl 1): S2–S6
14. Grady D, Brown JS, Vittinghoff E, Applegate W, Varner E, Snyder T; HERS Research Group. Postmenopausal hormones and incontinence: the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study. Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Jan;97 (1):116-20.
15. Deborah J. Lightner, MD, Nancy M.B. Itano, MD. Treatment Options for Women With Stress Urinary Incontinence. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Volume 74, Issue 11, November 1999, Pages 1149–1156
16. K Abdulaziz, T Hasan. Role of Pelvic Floor Muscle Therapy In Obese Perimenopausal Females With Stress Incontinence: A Randomized Control Trial The Internet Journal of Radiology Volume 14 Number 2. ISPUB.COM
17. Kumari, Santosh, A. J. Singh, and Vanita Jain. "Treatment seeking behavior for urinary incontinence among north Indian women." Indian journal of medical sciences 62.9 (2008): p 352.
18. Herbison GP, Dean N. Weighted vaginal cones for urinary incontinence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jul 8;(7):CD002114. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002114.pub2
19. Bradley et al.The Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID):Validity and Responsiveness to Change in Women Undergoing. Non-Surgical Therapies for Treatment of Stress Predominant Urinary Incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010 June; 29(5): 727–734. doi:10.1002/nau.20818.
20. Andrew F. Hundley, Jennifer M. Wu, Anthony G. Visco, A comparison of perineometer to brink
score for assessment of pelvic floor muscle strength. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Volume 192, Issue 5, May 2005, Pages 1583–1591
21. Sartori et al. Reliability of pelvic floor muscle strength assessment in healthy continent women. BMC Urology (2015) 15:29 DOI 10.1186/s12894-015-0017-6
22. Cammu H, Van Nylen M. Pelvic floor exercises versus vaginal weight cones in genuine stress incontinence Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1998 Mar;77(1):89-93.
23. Christina Aye, Natalia Price and Simon R Jackson. Weight Loss to Treat Urinary incontinence in Overweight and Obese Women. A commentary on the original article by Leslee L Subak et al., NEJM 2009;360:481-490
24. Bai SW , Kang JY , Rha KH , Lee MS , Kim JY , Park KH. Relationship of urodynamic parameters and obesity in women with stress urinary incontinence.The Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2002, 47(7):559-563
2. Kari Bø and Robert D Herbert. There is not yet strong evidence that exercise regimens other than pelvic floor muscle training can reduce stress urinary incontinence in women: A systematic review. 2013 Journal of Physiotherapy; Volume 59: Issue 3. 159 – 168. DOI 10.1016/s1836-9553(13)70180-2
3. Price N, et al. Pelvic floor exercises for urinary incontinence. A systematic literature review. Maturitas (2010), doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.08.004
4. Vjollca Ndreu, Fatjona Kamberi, Enkeleda Sinaj, Anila Sula, Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Versus No Treatment For Urinary Incontinence in Women. European Scientific Journal February 2015 /SPECIAL/ edition vol.2 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431
5. Silva Filho et al. Analysis of the resources for rehabilitation of pelvic floor muscles in women with prolapse and urinary incontinence Fisioter Pesq. 2013;20(1):90-96
6. Management of urinary incontinence in primary care A national clinical guideline. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. December 2014ISBN 1 899893 14 8. WWW.SIGN.AC.UK 7. Maria V. Capelini; Cassio L. Riccetto; Miriam Dambros; Jose T. Tamanini; Viviane Herrmann; Virginia Muller. Pelvic floor exercises with biofeedback for stress urinary incontinence. International Braz J Urol Vol. 32 (4): 462-469, July - August, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1677-55382006000400015
8. Singh U, Agarwal P, Verma ML, Dalela D, Singh N, Shankhwar P. Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in Indian women: A hospital-baseD survey. Indian J Urol. 2013; 29; 31-6.
9. Culligan PJ, Heat M. Urinary incontinence in women: evaluation and management. Am Fam Physician. 2000 Dec 1;62(11):2433-44, 2447, 2452.
10. Patricia B Neumann, Karen A Grim and Yamini Deenadayalan. Pelvic floor muscle training and adjunctive therapies for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women: asystematic review. BMC Women's Health 2006; 6:11 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-6-11
11. Karolina Chmaj-Wierzchowska1, Beata Pięta1, Magdalena Kotecka1, Michał Michalak2 Stefan Sajdak3, Tomasz Opala1. Three most important etiological factors of occurrence of stress urinary incontinence in nulliparous pre-and postmenopausal Polish women Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012; 19(3): 581-585.
12. Daksha Trivedi. Cochrane Review Summary: Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary incontinence in women.Primary Health Care Research & Development 2015; 16: 545–547 doi:10.1017/S1463423615000419https:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423615000419
13. Victor W Nitti, MD. The Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence. Rev Urol. 2001; 3(Suppl 1): S2–S6
14. Grady D, Brown JS, Vittinghoff E, Applegate W, Varner E, Snyder T; HERS Research Group. Postmenopausal hormones and incontinence: the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study. Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Jan;97 (1):116-20.
15. Deborah J. Lightner, MD, Nancy M.B. Itano, MD. Treatment Options for Women With Stress Urinary Incontinence. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Volume 74, Issue 11, November 1999, Pages 1149–1156
16. K Abdulaziz, T Hasan. Role of Pelvic Floor Muscle Therapy In Obese Perimenopausal Females With Stress Incontinence: A Randomized Control Trial The Internet Journal of Radiology Volume 14 Number 2. ISPUB.COM
17. Kumari, Santosh, A. J. Singh, and Vanita Jain. "Treatment seeking behavior for urinary incontinence among north Indian women." Indian journal of medical sciences 62.9 (2008): p 352.
18. Herbison GP, Dean N. Weighted vaginal cones for urinary incontinence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jul 8;(7):CD002114. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002114.pub2
19. Bradley et al.The Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID):Validity and Responsiveness to Change in Women Undergoing. Non-Surgical Therapies for Treatment of Stress Predominant Urinary Incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010 June; 29(5): 727–734. doi:10.1002/nau.20818.
20. Andrew F. Hundley, Jennifer M. Wu, Anthony G. Visco, A comparison of perineometer to brink
score for assessment of pelvic floor muscle strength. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Volume 192, Issue 5, May 2005, Pages 1583–1591
21. Sartori et al. Reliability of pelvic floor muscle strength assessment in healthy continent women. BMC Urology (2015) 15:29 DOI 10.1186/s12894-015-0017-6
22. Cammu H, Van Nylen M. Pelvic floor exercises versus vaginal weight cones in genuine stress incontinence Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1998 Mar;77(1):89-93.
23. Christina Aye, Natalia Price and Simon R Jackson. Weight Loss to Treat Urinary incontinence in Overweight and Obese Women. A commentary on the original article by Leslee L Subak et al., NEJM 2009;360:481-490
24. Bai SW , Kang JY , Rha KH , Lee MS , Kim JY , Park KH. Relationship of urodynamic parameters and obesity in women with stress urinary incontinence.The Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2002, 47(7):559-563
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Published
2018-02-04
How to Cite
Parmar, L. D., & Patel, B. B. (2018). Effect of Vaginal Cone on Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in Post- Menopausal Women With Stress Incontinence- Community Based Study: Effect of Vaginal Cone on Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength. National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 8(4), 10–16. Retrieved from http://nicpd.ac.in/ojs-/index.php/njirm/article/view/1271
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