Study Of Clinical Spectrum And Complications Of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria
Study Of Clinical Spectrum And Complications Of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria
Keywords:
plasmodium vivax malaria, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injuryAbstract
Objectives: To study the clinical spectrum and complications of plasmodium vivax malaria. Methods: The study has been carried out at Shree Sayajirao General Hospital and Medical College Baroda. A total of 200 patients admitted to the hospital with fever of > 38.5 degree Celsius and peripheral smear positive for plasmodium vivax were included in study. Patients with plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium ovale, plasmodium malariae infection were excluded from study. History, examination and needed investigations were done. Results: 1) A total of 200 patients of P.vivax malaria infections were included in this study.2) Plasmodium vivax malaria was more common in males. Majority of the patients belonged to second decade of life.3) All patients presented with fever. The incidences of other symptoms were headache (22.5%), vomiting (36%), jaundice (40.5%) and pain abdomen (26%). 4) The incidences of associated clinical findings were pallor (20.5%), icterus(41%), hepatomegaly (53%) and splenomegaly (47%). 5) Severe thrombocytopenia was seen in 37%, hyperbilirubinemia in 26.5%, leukocytosis in 6.5% and metabolic acidosis in 5 % of the cases. 6) Cerebral malaria was seen in 3.5 % of the study population. 7) Acute kidney injury was present in 3% of the cases. 8) ARDS was seen in 8.5 % of the cases. 9) Multi organ dysfunction was seen in 3 % cases (6 patients) of which 4 patients succumbed to the illness.Conclusion: This study show that Plasmodium vivax malaria can also have a severe and complicated course which is usually associated with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Thrombocytopenia and hepatic dysfunction are commonly seen and are early indicators for the severity of the disease. Life threatening complications such as ARDS, AKI, cerebral malaria and MODS do complicate benign tertian malaria as seen in our study. [Vishakha A NJIRM 2017; 8(1):120-125]
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