The Impact of Pica on Maternal Cardiovascular Health: A Review

Abstract

BSTRACT

Pica, the compulsive consumption of non-food substances, is a behavior observed in various populations across the

world, particularly during pregnancy. This reviewexplores the relationshipbetween pica and maternal cardiovascular

health, focusing on the potential physiological, nutritional, and psychological implications of pica during

pregnancy. Although pica may stem from nutritional deficiencies, especially of iron and other essential minerals,

consumption of non-food items can exacerbate maternal health risks, particularly cardiovascular complications.

Ingesting materials such as soil, clay, or chalk poses risks of heavy metal exposure, toxicities, and gastrointestinal

disturbances, which may contribute to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including increased blood pressure and

elevated stress on the heart. Moreover, the nutritional deficiencies associated with pica can lead to anemia, further

straining cardiovascular health and increasing the likelihood of complications such as preeclampsia. This review

underscores the importance of understanding the intersection between pica and cardiovascular health in pregnant

women, advocating for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to develop effective screening

and intervention strategies. Increased awareness and tailored nutritional support during prenatal care can mitigate

the cardiovascular risks associated with pica, promoting healthier maternal and fetal outcomes.